A abampere (aA) The unit of electric current in the CGSeniu system, defined as that current that, if flowing through two parallel conductors of negligible cross section and infinite length, placed 1 cm apart in vacuo, would produce on each conductor a force of 1 dyne per centimeter of length. 1 abampere = 1 abcoulomb/s = r statampere (where c = speed of light in cm/s) = 10 ampere. aberration Imperfect image formation due to geometric imperfections in the optical elements of a system ablation 1 . The wasting of glacier ice by any process (calving, melting, evaporation, etc.). 2. The shedding of molten material from the outer sur- face of a meteorite or tektite during its flight through the atmosphere. absolute age The age of a natural substance, of a fossil or living organism, or of an artifact, obtained by means of an absolute dating method. See absolute dating method. absolute density Density in kg/m' or, more commonly, in g/cm\ both at STP. Cf. density, relative density abso
Development class 10 economics MCQ & SAQ
Development class 10 economics ncert solution:
1. Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above
► (iv) all the above
2. Which of the following neighboring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
► (ii) Sri Lanka
3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
► (iv) Rs 6000
4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer
Per Capita Income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries.The limitation of this criterion are:
→ It doesn't show the distribution of income.
→ It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, healthcare, etc.
5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
The World Bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and help in making the citizens more productive.
6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Answer
We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. This does not show the distribution of things between people. For example, if a country has a very high per capita income then we can't say that citizens living in that country are very rich because we do not know about the distribution of wealth in that country. Some people might be richer while other people are very poor in that country.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab because, human development ranking is determined using a combination of factors such as health, education, and income. So, this does not imply that per capita income is not useful. Rather, per capita income is one of the development factors and can not be neglected. The World Bank uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development and comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations because of which determination of Human Development Index (HDI) is done using this criterion along with some other development factors like health, education etc.
8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow dung and solar energy. Other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilization of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.
9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.
Page No: 17
10. "The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
Answer
"The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand. For the sustainability of development, the maintenance of resources is also crucial. As the statement claims, the Earth has enough resources- renewable and non-renewable to satisfy everyone's needs; however, these need to be used with a view to keep the environment protected and clean so that a balance of production and use is maintained, and shortages are avoided.
11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer
Few examples of environmental degradation:
→ Deforestation
→ Soil erosion
→ Falling levels of groundwater
→ Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
→ Water Pollution
12. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Answer
(i) Per Capita Income in US$: Top country - Sri Lanka; Bottom country - Myanmar
(ii) Life Expectancy at birth: Top country - Sri Lanka; Bottom country - Myanmar
(iii) Literacy Rate for 15+ yrs population: Top country - Sri Lanka; Bottom country - Bangladesh
(iv) Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels: Top country - Sri Lanka; Bottom country - Pakistan
(v) HDI Rank in the world: Top country - Sri Lanka; Bottom country - Nepal
13. The following table shows the proportion of undernourished adults in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2001. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around 40 percent of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Answer
(i) The nutritional level of people of Kerala is quite higher than the people – both males and females of Madhya Pradesh. Their ratio of the under-nourished is less than that of Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) There is enough food in the country, even then 40% of the people in the country are undernourished because:
→ A large number of people are so poor that they cannot afford nutritious food.
→ In most of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly and the poor people cannot get cheap food items.
→ There is a lack of educational and health facilities in many parts of the country. So many people remain backward and poor. As such, they are unable to get nutritious food.
Development class 10 economics MCQ
Question : The total income of the country divided by its total population is Called:
(a) National income (b) Per capita income (c) Total income (d) None of these
Answer : B
Question : Which organization publishes the Human Development Report:
(a) WHO (b) UNDP (c) WTO (d) IMF
Answer : B
Question : Development of a country generally be determined by:
(a) its per capita income (b) its literacy level (b) health status of its people (d) all above
Answer : D
Question : As per Human Development Report 2006 which neighboring country has the highest income following
(a) Sri Lanka (b) India (c) Pakistan (d) Nepal
Answer : A
. Which one of the following countries has the largest size of the illiterate population in the age group of 15 + in the world? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Myanmar
(d) Bangladesh
2. Development of a country can generally be determined by its: [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) per capita income
(b) average.literacy Eve4
(c) health status of its people
(d) none of these
3. We can obtain per capita income of a country by calculating: [CBSE (CCE) 2010]
(a) the total income of a person
(b) by dividing the national income by the total population of a country
(c) the total value of all goods and services
(d) the total exports of the country
4. Kerala has low infant Mortality Rate because: [CBSE (CCE) 2010]
(a) it has good climatic condition
(b) it has adequate infrastructure
(c) it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities
(d) it has poor net attendance ratio
NCERT Questions
5. Which of the following neighboring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
(d) Pakistan
6. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is ₹ 5000. If the income of three families is ₹ 4000, ₹ 7000 and ₹ 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(a) ₹ 7,500
(b) ₹ 3,000
(c) ₹ 2,000
(d) ₹ 6,000
Additional Questions
7. According to the World Development Report 2004, low-income countries are those which have per capita income of
(a) $ 900 or less.
(b) $ 1000 or less
(c) $ 825 or less
(d) $ 500 or less
8. Identify which of the following cannot be a development goal for a landless rural laborer?
(a) More days of work
(b) Better wages
(c) Quality education for children
(d) Foreign tours
9. Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things like
(a) equal treatment
(b) freedom
(c) security
(d) all of them
10. Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development. A fair and just path for all should be achieved. Interpret the concept being discussed here.
(a) Social development
(b) Cultural development
(c) National development
(d) Economic development
11. List how many tons of liquid toxic wastes a vessel dumped in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa?
(a) 500 tons
(b) 600 tons
(c) 900 tons
(d) 1000 tons
12. Countries with higher income are ………….. than others with less income.
(a) Less developed
(b) More developed
(c) Less stronger
(d) More organized
13. Income of the country divided by its total population is known as
(a) Capital Income
(b) National Income
(c) Per capita income
(d) GDP
14. In the World Development Report 2006, Rich Countries were those which in 2004 had the per capita income of
(a) ₹ 2,53,000 per annum & above
(b) ₹ 14,50,000 per annum & above
(c) ₹ 4,53,000 per annum & above
(d) ₹ 13,53,000 per annum & above
15. In the World Development Report 2006, low-income countries were those which in 2004 had the per capita income of
(a) ₹ 37,000 or less
(b) ₹ 47,000 or less
(c) ₹ 50,000 or less
(d) ₹ 39,000 or less
16. In 2004, India came in the category of
(a) Rich countries
(b) Low-income countries
(c) Developed countries
(d) Medium income countries
17. Comparing all states, identify the state which had the highest per capita income in 2002 – 2003.
(a) Kerala
(b) Punjab
(c) Delhi
(d) Bihar
18. Which state had the least per capita income in 2002-03?
(a) Bihar
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Kerala
(d) Delhi
19. Number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year is known as
(a) Death rate
(b) Survival rate
(c) Infant mortality rate
(d) Life death rate
20. Proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group is called as
(a) Knowledge rate
(b) Literacy rate
(c) Attendance rate
(d) Excellence Rate
21. Which age group of children is included for calculating Net Attendance Ratio?
(a) 6 – 10
(b) 7 – 11
(c) 5 – 9
(d) 10 – 15
22. In 2003, Infant Mortality Rate in Kerala was
(a) 49
(b) 11
(c) 60
(d) 22
23. For the year 1995 – 96, the Net Attendance Ratio for class I to V in Bihar was
(a) 81
(b) 51
(c) 41
(d) 31
24. Literacy rate for the rural male population of Uttar Pradesh is
(a) 62 %
(b) 59 %
(c) 52 %
(d) 42 %
25. For calculating Body Mass Index (BMI), the weight of the person is divided by the
(a) Square of the weight
(b) Square of the height
(c) Square root of the height
(d) Square of the sum of height and weight
26. If BMI is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered
(a) overweight
(b) long height
(c) under nourished
(d) short height
27. Report published by UNDP which compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income is
(a) Human Education Report
(b) Human Development Report
(c) Human Population Report
(d) Human Quality Report
28. HDI Rank of India in the world out of 177 countries in 2004 was
(a) 93
(b) 126
(c) 130
(d) 125
29. India’s per capita income in the US $ is …………… Sri Lanka (in 2004)
(a) less than
(b) more than
(c) equal to
(d) less than or equal to
30. Nepal has nearly ……………. the per capita income of India (in 2004)
(a) one – fourth
(b) three – fourth
(c) equal
(d) half
31. What proportion of the country is overusing their groundwater reserves?
(a) One – Fourth
(b) One-Tenth
(c) One – Third
(d) half
32. Resources which will get exhausted after years of use are called ……………
(a) Renewable resources
(b) Non – durable resources
(c) Non – renewable resources
(d) Competing resources
Development class 10 economics SAQ
Q.1. On the basis of the given table answer the following questions:
(a) Calculate the average income of country A and B.
(b) Are both the countries equally developed?
(c) Which country is better and why?
Ans.
(a) Average income of country A is– (9500+ 10500+ 9800 + 10000+ 10200)/5 = Rs. 10,000
Average income of country B is– (500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 48000)/5 = Rs. 10,000
(b) No– Both the countries are not equally developed
(c) Country ‘A’ is better because the distribution of income is more or less equal.
Q.2. In what respect is the criterion used by UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Ans. The World Bank uses ‘‘Per capita’’ income as the sole criterion for measuring development of countries whereas the UNDP uses many criteria such as health status, education status as well as per capita income for measuring development.
Fig: Symbol of UNDP
For example, in India suppose two people live; one is Mukesh Ambani and other is a rickshaw puller. Income of Mukesh Ambani is Rs. 50 crore annually while that of rickshaw puller is only Rs. 12000. But when per capita income is calculated then both will be showing having 25 crore and 6 thousand each, which is not true. So, the UNDP uses a much more realistic method to measure the development. It includes, educational status, health status, and per capita income as well. It provides the real development status of the country.
Q.3. Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country? Explain any four public facilities.
Ans. Public facilities are essential for social and economic development. Economic development and social development are both dependent on public facilities such as education, health etc. Without these people cannot achieve their full potential.
Some important public facilities are
(a) Construction of roads, railways, generating electricity, developing ports etc. These are used by people so they have to be developed.
Fig: Road Construction (a public facility)
(b) Providing essential goods at cheap rates or below their cost price so that even poor people can afford them. Such activities have to be undertaken by the government.
(c) Providing adequate health and education facilities to each and every citizen is a primary duty of any government. Such services are essential because a healthy and educated citizen is an asset for the country.
(d) Providing safe drinking water, housing and nutritious food to children etc., are other such public facilities which are essential.
Q.4. What are the two basic criteria used for comparing an underdeveloped country with a developed one?
Ans. The two criteria are
(a) On the basis of per capita income: In the 2006 World Development Report, this criterion was used for classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of Rs. 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004, were called rich countries and those with per capita income of Rs. 37,000 or less were called low-income countries.
(b) On the basis of Human Development Index:- According to this criteria the countries are ranked on the basis of life expectancy, literacy rate and health status etc.
Q.5. What do you mean by the Human Development Index? What are its three components?
Ans. Human Development Index means the criteria developed by the UNDP to compare the countries' development.
The main components of the Human Development Index are
(i) Educational levels of the people.
(ii) Health status of the people.
(iii) Per capita income.
Q.6. Why is sustainability important for development? Give two suggestions to achieve the sustainability of development.
Ans. Sustainability is very important for development because if all development activities are carried out without paying attention to the environment and other natural factors then development itself will become a danger for mankind. For example, if forests are cut relentlessly then global warming will destroy everything on the Earth. In that scenario what would be the use of development!
To achieve sustainability-
(a) we must be less dependent on non-renewable resources.
(b) we must live according to natural conditions and use natural produce as far as possible.
Q.7. How does the World Bank classify different countries? Is it an adequate indicator?
Ans. The World Bank classifies different countries on the basis of per capita income. They are
(a) Rich countries: Whose average per capita income is Rs 4,53,000 or more.
(b) Poor Countries: Whose average per capita income is less than Rs 37,000.
This indicator is inadequate as it does not provide a full picture of development. This gives poor people a notional amount of money which actually does not belong to them.
Q.8. What is development? What are the two aspects of development?
Ans. Development is a positive growth/change in the economy, social and political aspects of the country.
Fig: Economic Development
Two aspects of development are
(a) Economic development or rise in income of the people.
(b) Social development which includes education, health and public services.
Q.9. Why are countries of the Middle East not called ‘developed’ in spite of high per capita income?
Ans. Although countries of the Middle East are very rich due to oil reserves and production, money alone is not an indicator of development.
Fig: Oil reserves by region
Along with money there are other aspects too like education and other social aspects like individual freedom, democracy, gender equality which are not available in those countries.
Q.10. Explain the concepts of Human Development Index (HDI) and that of the per capita income.
Ans. Both the Human Development Index and Per Capita Income measure the status of countries' development but both are quite different from each other.
(a) Human Development Index: Prepared by the U.N.D.P. It consists of health status, educational status and per capita income to determine the development of the country.
(b) Per Capita: This criterion is used by the World Bank to determine development. It divides countries into rich and poor. The countries whose per capita income is more than Rs. 4,53,000 are called rich and those whose income is below Rs. 37,000 are called poor.
Q.11. Answer the following questions on the basis of the table given below:
State Infant Mortality Rate (2003) Literacy Rate (%) (2001)
(a) Which state has the largest literacy rate?
(b) Which state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate?
(c) Identify the state which has the greatest Human Development Index (HDI)?
Ans. (a) Kerala (b) Kerala (c) Kerala
Fig: Literacy rate of Kerala
Q.12. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? Write the limitations of this criterion.
Ans. The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per capita income.
Per capita income: When total income of a country is divided by the total population, then per capita income is arrived at. Those countries whose per capita income is more than Rs. 4,53,000 per year are called rich countries and those whose income is less than Rs. 37000 are called poor countries.
Limitations: Although this method is used widely it does not give an accurate picture of development.
For example, in calculating income, everyone is supposed to have that amount. However, in reality a large number of poor people do not have that amount.
Q.13. Study the table given below and answer the following questions. Country Per Capita income in US $ (2004) HDI Rank in the World
(a) Name any country whose Per Capita Income is more than that of India and by how much?
(b) What is the HDI Rank of India in the World?
Ans.
(a) Sri lanka, its per capita income is Rs 1251 more than that of India.
(b) India’s H.D.I. rank is 129th in the world.
Q.14. Study the table given below and answer the following questions.
(a) Which state has the lowest per capita income and why?
(b) Which state has the highest per capita income and why?
Ans.
(a) Bihar has the lowest per capita income as there is no industrialization and less human development.
Fig: Economy of Bihar
(b) Punjab has the highest per capita income because agricultural and industrial development is the main aspect of the Punjab Economy.
Q.15. How can more jobs be created in the field of education? Give any three reasons.
Ans. More jobs can be created in the field of education:
(a) In India only 65% of people are literate. It means to provide good education to every Indian, there is a requirement for having more schools.
(b) More schools means more teachers are required. This means more jobs.
(c) More schools will necessitate thousands of supporting staff (like office staff). This will lead to more jobs. In that way more jobs will be created.
Q.16. Mention any three characteristics of development.
Ans.
(a) Different persons can have different developmental goals.
(b) What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may be even destructive for the other.
(c) For development people look at a mix of goals.
Q.17. ‘For development people look at a mix of goals.’ Support the statement with suitable examples.
Ans. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of household work and a greater acceptance of women working outside.
Fig: Women in business
A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
Q.18. Why Kerala has a better human development ranking than Punjab in spite of lower per capita income?
Ans. Kerala has lower per capita income but better human development ranking than Punjab because of many factors. Kerala has the highest literacy rate in the country. The Infant Mortality Rate of Kerala (11) is much less than Punjab (49). Net Attendance Ratio of Kerala (91) is higher than that of Punjab (81). Kerala has better health and educational infrastructure than Punjab. Kerala also has better public facilities.
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