A abampere (aA) The unit of electric current in the CGSeniu system, defined as that current that, if flowing through two parallel conductors of negligible cross section and infinite length, placed 1 cm apart in vacuo, would produce on each conductor a force of 1 dyne per centimeter of length. 1 abampere = 1 abcoulomb/s = r statampere (where c = speed of light in cm/s) = 10 ampere. aberration Imperfect image formation due to geometric imperfections in the optical elements of a system ablation 1 . The wasting of glacier ice by any process (calving, melting, evaporation, etc.). 2. The shedding of molten material from the outer sur- face of a meteorite or tektite during its flight through the atmosphere. absolute age The age of a natural substance, of a fossil or living organism, or of an artifact, obtained by means of an absolute dating method. See absolute dating method. absolute density Density in kg/m' or, more commonly, in g/cm\ both at STP. Cf. density, relative density abso
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife class 9 geography MCQ & SAQ
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife NCERT SOLUTION
1. Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?
Answer
The northern slopes of the hills in Himalayan region are at high altitude and have low temperatures or are snow covered. This does not allow much vegetation. In the southern part of the hills there are plains and valleys watered by rivers and with fertile soil and pleasant temperature levels all required for dense growth of vegetation.
2. Why have the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
Answer
The westward facing slopes receive much more rain than the eastward facing slopes and the Western Ghats are considerably wetter than the dry Deccan to the east.
Page No: 51
Exercise
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
► (d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than:
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) Less than 50 cm
► (a) 100 cm
(iii) In which of the following states is the Simlipal bioreserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
► (c) Odisha
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda Devi
► (a) Manas
Page No: 52
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Define an ecosystem.
(ii) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
(iii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
(iv) Name two animals having habitat in different types of vegetation.
Answer
(i) All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent on each other. The plants and animals, along with their physical environment make the ecosystem. Interrelation between plants and animals in the natural environment is called Ecosystem.
(ii) Factors responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India are:
(a) Relief: Land and soil
(b) Climate: Temperature, Humidity, Photoperiod and Precipitation.
(iii) Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wildlife and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. In total there are 14 bio-reserves in India. For e.g. Sunderbans Bio-reserve in West Bengal and Nanda Devi Bio-reserve in Uttaranchal.
(iv) Tropical animals: Tiger, Elephant
Montane animals: Snow Leopard, Spotted deer
3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
Answer
(i)
(ii)
4. Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer
The different types of vegetation found in India are:
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests
Alpine vegetation is found at places over 3,600 m in height. The trees common to these are silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. The trees get stunted as they reach the snow line. There are shrubs and scrubs that ultimately merge into Alpine grasslands. Tundra vegetation is limited to lichens and mosses.
5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer
Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of:
→ Increase in population.
→ Urbanization and Industrialization.
→ Large scale deforestation.
→ Pollution.
→ Hunting for pleasure and commercial purposes, etc.
6. Why does India have a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer
India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna due to following reasons:
→ India is a diverse country with different relief features (i.e. mountains, plateaus, plains, etc.) Different types of vegetation are found in these regions and the vegetation supports different types of animals.
→ Availability of different types of soil providing base for different types of vegetation.
→ Variation in the climatic conditions (Temperature, humidity, etc.). Climate of India differs from north to south and east to west. Thus, supporting a large variety of flora and fauna.
→ India has a monsoon type of climate where rainfall varies from 20 cm to 300 cm distributed throughout the year supporting large amounts of flora and fauna.
→ Variation in the duration of sunlight at different places due to difference in the latitude and altitude.
Map Skills
On an outline map of India, label the following.
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry Deciduous Forests
(iii)Two national parks each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western parts of the Country
Answer
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife MCQ
Question: The yak, shaggy-horned wild ox and the Tibetan antelope are found in which one of the following regions?
a) Ladakh
b) Tibet
c) Uttarakhand
d) Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Ladakh
Question: Why are the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes?
a) On account of more precipitation
b) On account of less exposure to cold winds
c) On account of more exposure to sunlight
d) All the options
Answer: On account of more precipitation
Question: Which of the following types of vegetation is common in fertile, level lands?
a) Cultivated crops
b) Forests
c) Grasslands
d) Mangroves
Answer: Cultivated crops
Question: From the point of view of natural vegetation and wildlife, India belongs to which of the following categories?
a) One of the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the world
b) The richest wildlife zone in the world
c) The country with the greatest forest cover
d) A country lacking in biodiversity cover
Answer: One of the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the world
Question: Which one of the following animals lives in the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal?
a) One-horned Rhino
b) Tiger
c) Lion
d) Elephants
Answer: One-horned Rhino
Question: Dachigam in Jammu and Kashmir is a
a) Wildlife Sanctuary
b) National Park
c) Bird Sanctuary
d) Reserve Forest
Answer: Wildlife Sanctuary
Question: Which of the following states of India has the least percentage of its area under forest cover?
a) Punjab
b) Assam
c) Himachal Pradesh
d) Sikkim
Answer: Punjab
Question: Which of the following types of vegetation zones is found in the higher reaches of the Himalayas with mean annual average temperature below 7 degree C?
a) Alpine
b) Tropical
c) Subtropical
d) Temperate
Answer: Alpine
Question: Which of the following terms is used to denote plants of a particular region or period?
a) Flora
b) Ferns
c) Fauna
d) None of the options
Answer: Flora
Question: Which of the following types of natural vegetation have originally come to India from abroad?
a) Exotic Species
b) Rare species
c) Endemic Species
d) Endangered species
Answer: Exotic Species
Question: Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network bio-reserve?
a) Manas
b) Sunderbans
c) Gulf of Mannar
d) Nanda Devi
Answer: Manas
Question: Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona are the important trees of?
a) Tropical evergreen forests
b) Tropical deciduous forests
c) Mangrove forests
d) Montane forests
Answer: Tropical evergreen forests
Question: In which year the Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in India?
a) 1972
b) 1952
c) 1962
d) 1982
Answer: 1972
Question: Most widespread vegetation in India is
a) Tropical deciduous forests
b) Coniferous forests
c) Tropical rainforests
d) Mangrove forests
Answer: Tropical deciduous forests
Question: Tropical rainforests grow well in areas receiving __________ rainfall.
a) 200 cm
b) 150 cm
c) 100 cm
d) 70 cm
Answer: 200 cm
Question: In which of the following parts of India evergreen forests are found?
a) Assam
b) Rajasthan
c) Orissa
d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Assam
Question: Ebony and rosewood trees are found in the areas of rainfall:
a) More than 200 cm
b) More than 100 cm
c) More than 70 cm
d) Less than 50 cm
Answer: More than 200 cm
Question: Which of the following forests is found in heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats, island groups and upper parts of Assam?
a) Tropical evergreen
b) Tropical deciduous
c) Mountain forest
d) Tidal forests
Answer: Tropical evergreen
Question: Which of the following trees is used for treating blood pressure?
a) Sarpagandha
b) Jamun
c) Tidal
d) Neem
Answer: Sarpagandha
Question: Which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
a) Tropical evergreen
b) Tundra
c) Tidal
d) Himalayan
Answer: Tropical evergreen
Question: Which is the natural habitat of the Indian lion?
a) Gir forest in Gujarat
b) Sundarban delta in Bengal
c) Thorn forest in Rajasthan
d) Deciduous forest in Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Gir forest in Gujarat
Question: Trees in a thorn forest are:
a) Scattered
b) Tall
c) Dense
d) None of the options
Answer: Scattered
Question: Silver fir is found in the following type of vegetation zone:
a) Montane
b) Mangrove forests
c) Thorn forests
d) Deciduous forest
Answer: Montane
Question: The Yak (ox) and the Bharal are found in
a) Ladakh
b) Uttarakhand
c) Himachal Pradesh
d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: Ladakh
Question: Which medicinal plant has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties?
a) Neem
b) Sarpagandha
c) Kachnar
d) Babool
Answer: Neem
Question: A very large ecosystem on land having distinct type of vegetation and wildlife is called
a) Biome
b) Ecology
c) Biodiversity
d) Biosphere reserve
Answer: Biome
Question: Which one of the following animals lives in the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal?
a) One-horned Rhino
b) Tiger
c) Lion
d) Elephants
Answer: One-horned Rhino
Question: Which of the following is not an important tree of tropical rainforest?
a) Sandalwood
b) Ebony
c) Rosewood
d) Mahogany
Answer: Sandalwood
Question: The elephants are found in the hot-wet forests of
a) Assam and Karnataka
b) Punjab and Haryana
c) Rajasthan and Gujarat
d) West Bengal and Jharkhand
Answer: Assam and Karnataka
Question: Ebony, Mahogany and Rosewood trees are grown in which of the following forests?
a) Tropical rainforest
b) Coniferous forests
c) Tropical thorn forest
d) Deciduous forest
Answer: Tropical rainforest
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife SAQ:
Q.1 Mention any three features of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve.
Ans
1. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is a national park located 2 km from Tura Peak in the Garo Hills district of Meghalaya in India.
2. e Reserves in May 2009.
3. There is a vast range of plants and animals found in the park, including the fishing cat, the sorrow and the tiger. Famous sites in the park include the famous Siju Cave.
Q.2How does relief and rainfall influence the distribution of natural vegetation in India. Explain.
AnsThe relief and rainfall of any region determine the natural vegetation of that place. In Indian sub- continent it can be seen through the following points:
1. The western slopes of the Western Ghats receive more than 200 cm of rainfall. Due to the Indifferent mountainous regions different types of vegetation are found, at the height of 1500 to 3000 coniferous trees are found but at the height of 1000 to 2000 wet temperate forests are found.
3. In areas with rainfall of 70 cm to 100 cm and in semi-arid regions, the vegetation consists of acacias and palm.
Q.3 What is biome? State the number of biomes into which the land ecosystem is divided with their names.
AnsA large ecosystem on the land having distinct types of vegetation and animal life is called biome. In general, biomes are divided into the following categories:
1. Forests: It consists of evergreen forests, deciduous forests, and coniferous forests.
2. Grasslands: Savanna grasslands.
3. Alpine/Tundra vegetation.
4. Desert vegetation.
Though the animals are also included in the biomes, they are not counted in the classification of biomes.
Q.4 Distinguish between flora and fauna.
Ans The major differences between Flora and Fauna are as follows:
Q.5 Why does India have a rich heritage of flora and fauna? How can you say that India has rich biodiversity?
Ans This is because the factors like, temperature, sunlight, precipitation, soil and relief are suitable for the growth and development of both animal and plant kingdom in India. These five factors are essential for the growth of the biodiversity.
India has been listed among the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the world.47,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species are found here. Besides these species, there are about 15,000 flowering plants in India.
Q.6 Distinguish between thorn forests and mangrove forests.
Ans
Q.7 “India has an extremely rich and wild variety of fauna.” Explain this statement. Ans India has a rich variety of wild fauna. It can be explained through following ways:
1. The richness of the wild variety of fauna is due to the high variety of variation in the relief, rainfall, temperature, etc. There are 89,457 known species of flora, out of which many are in the list of endangered species.
2. The variety of fauna can be seen in different parts of India such as in the mountains, the deserts, the plateaus, the rivers, the lakes, etc.
3. If we try to divide the species then it may make several groups as follows: Mammals – 390, Fish – 2546, Birds – 1232, Insects – 60,000, Reptiles – 456, Mollusks – 5,000, Amphibians – 209.
Q.8 Write any three major factors responsible for the huge diversity in plant and animal kingdom?
And The three factors, which are responsible for the huge diversity in flora and fauna kingdom, are as
follows:
(i) Relief: Natural vegetation is different in mountains, plateaus and plain areas mainly due to the difference in their relief. It is also different in wet and dry land. Fertile level plains are generally devoted to agriculture. The undulating and rough terrains are devoted to terrace cultivation.
(ii) Soil: Different types of soils provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy desert soils support cactus and thorny bushes. Wet, marshy and deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees.
(iii) Temperature: On the hills of the Himalayas above the height of 915 meters, the temperature gets reduced and affects the types of vegetation and its growth. This changes it from Tropical to Subtropical, Temperate and Alpine Vegetation.
Q.9 Why are forests important in our life? Write any six points. Ans Forests play a vital role in the life of human beings by:
(i) Modifying the local climate.
(ii) Controlling soil erosion.
(iii) Supporting a variety of industries.
(iv) Providing livelihood for many communities.
(v) Controlling wind and temperature and causing rainfall.
(vi) Providing humus to the soil and shelter to the wild life.
Q.10 Distinguish between Montane Forests and Mangrove Forests. Give three differences. Ans The major differences between montane forests and mangrove forests are as follows:
Q.11 What is a Biosphere Reserve? Name the four-biosphere Reserves of India, which have been included in the world network of biosphere reserves?
Ans Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.
Four-biosphere reserves of India, which have been included in the world network of biosphere reserves are:
(i) The Sunderbans in the West Bengal (ii) Nanda Devi in Uttranchal
(iii) The Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu (iv) Nilgiris of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Why does India possess a great variety of flora and fauna?[CBSE 2o15]
Different types of soil: India has almost all major types of soils. It has alluvial soil which is very fertile, black soil, laterite soil, desert and mountain soil. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet, marshy deltic soils support mangroves and deltic vegetation.
Different climatic conditions: Different climatic conditions prevail in India. At some places, the temperature is at 55°C and at other,
It is about – 45°C. So it supports all types of plants. Some places receive a rainfall of more than 1000 cm, and some receive only 50 cm. This also helps in growing different types of plants.Sunlight: Sunlight is one of the important factors responsible for the growth of vegetation. Due to the longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster in most parts of India.
Precipitation: Precipitation also plays a vital role in the growth of different types of vegetation. Tropical rainforests are found in the Western Ghats due to heavy rainfall.
Distinguish between Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests JCBSE 2013,14]
Answer:
Write any two points of difference between
(i) Dry deciduous
(ii) Moist deciduous.
Answer:
Mention any four characteristics of the thorny forest water.
This type of vegetation is found in regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall.
This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country including the semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species.
Trees are scattered, and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture.
The stems are succulent to conserve
Leaves are mostly thick, and small to minimize evaporation. .
Mention any four characteristics of the mangrove tidal forests.[CBSE2015]
Answer:
The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts.
Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged under water.
The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.
In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, the sundari trees are found, which provide a durable hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora, agar also grow in some parts of the delta.
Write three steps taken by the government for the protection and conservation of great biological diversity of India. [CBSE 2013,14]
Answer:
Various biosphere reserves have been set up in various parts of India. For example the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, etc.
About 99 national parks, 513 wildlife sanctuaries, and 35 zoological gardens have been set up.
Financial and technical assistance is provided to many Botanical Gardens set up by the government.
Natural Vegetation and Wildlife long question
Describe the altitude zones of vegetation in the mountainous regions. .
Or
“The mountainous region of India exhibits a succession of natural vegetation belts from tropical to tundra types, all compressed into an altitude of six kilometers or so”. Elaborate the above statement with four examples from different altitudinal belts.
Or
Describe the major vegetation zones of the Himalayan region.
Or
In mountainous areas, there is change in natural vegetation due to decrease in temperature. Justify giving examples from different zones. [CBSE March 2011 ]
Answer:
In the Himalayan region of our country, the vegetation differs according to the height.
In the foothills, (the Shiwalik) are tropical deciduous forests. ‘Sal’ is the most important species of economic significance.
The zone with altitude 1000 m – 2000 m consists of evergreen forests. Beech, chestnut, oak, ash, etc., are the main trees. These at a higher altitude are replaced by ‘chir’ and ‘chil’.
The zone between 1500m – 3000 m includes pine, cedar, silver fir and spruce. They are the famous coniferous trees, typical of the dry temperate region found in the inner Himalayan region.
At the height of 3600 m or more, shrubs, scrubs, and grasses of alpine variety are found.
Write three steps taken by the government for the protection and conservation of great biological diversity of India. [C.B.S.E 1999]
Or
Give any three steps taken by the government of India to protect the flora and fauna. [CBSE March 2011, 2012]
Answer:
Various biosphere reserves have been set up in various parts of India. For example, the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, etc.
About 100 national parks, 515 wildlife sanctuaries, and 35 zoological gardens have been set up.
The endangered species are being identified and special efforts are being made to preserve them. For example: Tiger Project’.
Killing of wildlife has been banned and special forest officers have been appointed.
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