History and Sport class 9 history MCQ & SAQ

History and Sport class 9 history NCERT SOLUTION:

 

Test cricket is a unique game in many ways. Discuss some of the ways in which it is different from other team games. How are the peculiarities of Test cricket shaped by its historical beginnings as a village game?

Test cricket is a unique game in many ways. It was the first modern team game to give itself rules and regulations. Unlike other team games, it can go on for five days and still end in a draw. No other modern team sport takes even half as much time to complete. While most team games (such as hockey and football) specify the dimensions of the playing area, the laws of cricket do not state the specific dimensions of the playing field.

The reasons for such peculiarities of Test cricket are related to its historical beginnings as a village game. Originally, cricket matches had no time limit. In rural England, a match would go on till a side was bowled out twice. This corresponded to life in the countryside. Village life was unlike the strictly time-oriented routines of industrial city life. The absence of any specifications about the dimensions of the playing field can also be related to the rural origins of cricket. It was originally played on country commons or public grounds, and the sizes of such grounds varied from one village to another. The rural and pre-industrial past of cricket is also indicated by the game’s equipment. The bat, even today, is made of wood, as are the stumps and the bails. Likewise, the ball is made with leather, twine and cork.

 

Describe one way in which in the nineteenth century, technology brought about a change in equipment and give one example where no change in equipment took place.

One way in which in the nineteenth century, technology brought about a change in cricketing equipment  was by the introduction of pads and protective gloves. These protective equipment came forth as a result of the invention of vulcanized rubber.

However, cricketing equipment has more or less remained the same. The bats, even today, are made of wood. Also, they are not factory manufactured, but made by hand.

 

Explain why cricket became popular in India and the West Indies. Can you give reasons why it did not become popular in countries in South America?

Cricket became popular in India and the West Indies because of its colonial background. British imperial officials used it as a symbol of racial and social superiority. They did not popularize the game for the masses. For the colonized, playing cricket implied being the racial equals of the British. Success at cricket came to imply a measure of racial equality and political progress. On the other hand, the game was not so popular in countries like those of South America since they were not dominated by imperial England.

 

Give brief explanations for the following:

• The Parsis were the first Indian community to set up a cricket club in India.

• Mahatma Gandhi condemned the Pentangular tournament.

• The name of the ICC was changed from the Imperial Cricket Conference to the International Cricket Conference.

• The shift of the ICC headquarters from London to Dubai.

(a) The Parsis were a small trading community in close contact with the British, and hence, they were the first ones to westernize. During this process of westernization, they founded the first Indian cricket club, in Bombay, in 1848, called the Oriental Cricket Club.

(b) Mahatma Gandhi condemned the Pentangular tournament because he viewed it as a tournament organized to propagate communal disharmony. This was disadvantageous at a time when Indian nationalists were trying to unite the diverse communities and regions of India into one secular whole.

(c) The name of the ICC was changed from the Imperial Cricket Conference to the International Cricket Conference due to the colonial implications of the former. This change in name happened as late as 1965. Till then, England and Australia exercised monopoly over the regulatory body. However, reflecting the changes in world affairs, the ICC too underwent changes. The privileged positions of England and Australia were scrapped in favor of equal membership for all test-playing nations. The new name, thus, served to emphasize this equality.

(d) The shift of the ICC headquarters from London to Dubai happened on account of India’s location in South Asia. Since India has the largest viewership and market for cricket, the balance of power in cricket has shifted from the colonial domain to the decolonised domain. The shifting of headquarters symbolized and formally marked the end of English or imperialist domination over the game.

 

How have advances in technology, especially television technology, affected the development of contemporary cricket?

Advances in technology, especially television technology, have affected the development of contemporary cricket by broadening the viewership and popularity of the game. Coloured uniforms, protective equipment, field regulations, and day-night, limited-overs matches have all helped this pre-industrial, rural game to adapt to the changing modern world. The worldwide reach of satellite television has widened the audience for cricket. The presence of a wide-ranging, mass audience has made cricket a money-making venture for advertisers, television channels and cricket boards. Cricketers too have benefited from the way cricket has been marketed through the media; their better earnings and celebrity status prove this fact.

History and Sport class 9 history MCQ 

Question: Which city has International Cricket Council Headquarters?

• a) Dubai

• b) London

• c) Paris

• d) Mumbai

Answer: Dubai

 

Question: Ranji Trophy Cricket is played between which types of teams?

• a) Between two Indian teams representing two different Indian regions

• b) Between English and Australian teams

• c) Between an Indian and one international team

• d) Between two international teams

Answer: Between two Indian teams representing two different Indian regions

 

Question: During British rule, initially why were cricket tournaments called quadrangular tournaments?

• a) The tournaments were played by four Indian teams representing four different religions

• b) The tournaments were played in four different regions

• c) The tournaments were played in four different cities in India

• d) The tournament was played in four corners of the playing field.

Answer: The tournaments were played by four Indian teams representing four different religions

 

Question: In the game of cricket who is always given the benefit of doubt?

• a) Batsman

• b) Bowler

• c) Fielder

• d) None of the options

Answer: Batsman

 

Question: In which of the following year did India enter the world of Test Cricket?

• a) 1932

• b) 1930

• c) 1931

• d) 1934

Answer: 1932

 

Question: When was the first one day Cricket World Cup played?

• a) 1975

• b) 1980

• c) 1970

• d) 1983

Answer: 1975

  

Question: By the players of which of the following countries were two great advances made in bowling - doosra and reverse swing?

• a) Pakistan

• b) England

• c) India

• d) West Indies

Answer: Pakistan

 

Question: Cricket matches are organized:

• a) To establish friendship between nations

• b) News of cricket hits newspaper headlines

• c) Cricketers are seen as ambassadors

• d) Game represents the unity of India

Answer: To establish friendship between nations

 

Question: Who among the following introduced the world to One-Day Internationals?

• a) Kerry Packer

• b) Len Hutton

• c) Frank Worrell

• d) Thomas Hughes

Answer: Kerry Packer

 

Question: Test Cricket celebrated 100 years in the year

• a) 1877

• b) 1977

• c) 1875

• d) 1774

Answer: 1877

Question: India entered World Test Cricket in

• a) 1932

• b) 1950

• c) 1877

• d) 1847

Answer: 1932

 

Question: First Test Captain of India

• a) C.K. Nayudu

• b) Palwankar Baloo

• c) Palwankar Vithal

• d) Vijay Hazare

Answer: C.K. Nayudu

 

Question: Which of the following constituted the 5th team in the Pentangular Tournament?

• a) The Rest

• b) The Europeans

• c) The Christians

• d) The Muslims

Answer: The Rest

 

Question: Who among the following was not critical of the Pentangular Tournament?

• a) Dada Bhai Naoroji

• b) M.K. Gandhi

• c) AFS Talyarkhan

• d) S.A. Brelvi

Answer: Dada Bhai Naoroji

 

Question: In Ranji Trophy teams represent

• a) Regions

• b) Communities

• c) Races

• d) Religions

Answer: Regions

 

Question: Dalit Captain of Hindu Gymkhana:

• a) Palwankar Vithal

• b) Palwankar Baloo

• c) Vijay Hazare

• d) S.A. Brelvi

Answer: Palwankar Vithal

 

Question: Where did Cricket in India originate?

• a) Bombay

• b) Madras

• c) Calcutta

• d) Pondicherry

Answer: Bombay

 

Question: Mulattoes were

• a) Afro Europeans

• b) Afro Caribbeans

• c) Blacks

• d) Tribals

Answer: Afro Europeans

 

Question: The game of cricket was brought to India by

• a) British Imperial Officers

• b) The Portuguese

• c) Governor Generals

• d) East India Company

Answer: British Imperial Officers

 

Question: Cricket in colonial India was organized on the principle of

• a) Race and religion

• b) National loyalties

• c) Religion

• d) Region

Answer: Race and religion

History and Sport class 9 history SAQ

Q.1. When were the first written "Laws of Cricket" drawn up?

Ans: 1744

 

Q.2. Name the Australian player who tried to play with an aluminum bat?

Ans: Dennis Lillee

 

Q.3. When was the first Indian Cricket Club established? What was its name?

Ans: The first Indian Cricket Club was established in 1792. The name of the first Indian Cricket club was the 'Calcutta Cricket Club'.

 

Q.6. Which was the first Indian community to start playing cricket? How did they contribute to cricket?

Ans: Parsis was the first Indian community to start playing the game. They had close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the first Indian community to westernize. They founded the first Indian Cricket Club called Oriental Cricket club in Bombay in 1848. The club was funded by Parsis businessmen like Tatas and Wadias. The white elite did not help the Parsis promote this game. In fact they obstructed in their way and prejudiced e.g. the Whites-only club put up a quarrel with the Parsis over the use of Public Park. It resulted in the formation of a Gymkhana by the Parsis. In 1889, the Parsis defeated the Bombay Gymkhana (Whites-only club). It paved the way for many Indian communities to open their own cricket clubs but based on the idea of a religious community.

 

Q.7. Why were cricket bats roughly the same shape as hockey sticks during the eighteenth century?

Ans: During the eighteenth century, the game of cricket, the ball was bowled underarm, along the ground and the curve at the end of the hockey-like bat gave the batsman the best chance of making contact. That’s why the bats looked like hockey sticks at that time.

When were the first laws of cricket drawn up? Mention any three such laws.

Or

Mention the first written Laws of Cricket’ drawn up in 1744. [CBSE March 2011,13,15]

Or

Describe the first written laws of cricket. [CBSE March 2011]

The first written laws of cricket were drawn in 1774.

1. The principals shall choose from amongst the gentleman present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes.

2. Stumps must be 22 inches high and the bail across them six inches.

3. Balls must be between 5 to 6 ounces.

 

Mention any three peculiarities of Test Cricket.

Or

Why is cricket called a peculiar game? Give any three reasons. [CBSE 2014]

• A match can go on for five days and still end in a draw.

• No specification regarding the size or shape of the ground.

• There were no limits on the shape or size of the bat.

 

“Cricket has changed with changing times and yet fundamentally remained true to its origin in rural England”. Justify by giving examples.

• No specification for ground: Even after more than 300 years of its origin still there is no specification regarding the measurement of the playing ground.

• Equipment: Cricket’s most important tools are all made of natural, pre-industrial materials. The bat is made of wood as are the stumps and bails. The ball is made with leather, twine and cork. Even today, both bat and ball are hand-made, not industrially manufactured. The material of the bat changed slightly over time. Once it was cut out of a single piece of wood. Now it consists of two pieces, the blade which is made out of the wood of the willow tree and the handle which is made out of cane that became available as European colonialists and trading companies established themselves in Asia. Unlike golf and tennis, cricket has refused to remake its tools with industrial or man-made materials: plastic, fiber glass and metal have been firmly rejected.

• Protective equipment: Some of its equipment have changed with the changing time like gloves, helmet and pads. They all are manufactured by machines.

‘The organization of cricket in England reflected the nature of English society’. Explain.

• The English society at that time was divided into the rich and the poor. Similarly, there was also a division in cricket. The rich players who played for leisure were called amateurs and the poor who played for living were called professionals.

• As most of the administrative laws were favoring the rich class,
  Similarly most of the cricket laws
  Were in favor of the batsmen as Amateurs tended to be the batsmen.

• Most of the hard work was done by the poor, similarly, in cricket, fielding and bowling was done by the professionals.

• Only the rich were having the right to lead, similarly, in cricket only the batsmen were made the captain.

Mention any three features of the post-packer game of cricket.

• Cricket became a marketable game.

• Colored dress, protective helmets, field restrictions, cricket under lights, became a standard part of the post Packer Game.

• Television coverage beamed cricket into small towns and villages.

 

‘Cricket in India was organized on the principle of race and religion.’ Justify.

Or

How was the cricket used by the Britishers to spread their policy of racism?

• When there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana and the Parsi cricketers over the use of public park, the Britishers favored the Bombay. Gymkhana.

• They regarded religious communities as separate national-iris. That is why they used to approve applications for clubs on the basis of community.

• They encouraged the pentangular tournament as it was based on communities.

• The first class cricket was also organized on communal and racial fines. The teams that played colonial India’s greatest and most famous first-class cricket tournament did not represent regions, but religious communities.

 

‘The center of gravity in cricket has shifted away from the old Anglo- Australian axis.’ Justify by giving examples. [CBSE 2015]

• The cricket headquarters has been shifted from London to tax free Dubai.

• England and Australia have lost their veto power right.

• Innovations like IPL, doosra and reverse swing have mainly come from the subcontinental teams of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

• India has the largest viewership for the game amongst the cricket playing nations and the largest market in the world.

History and Sport class 9 history long question:

 

Explain the journey of cricket progress in India.

(i) Cricket at initial stage: Cricket in colonial India was organized on the principle of race and religion. The first record we have of cricket being played in India is from 1721, an account of recreational cricket played by: England sailors in Cambay.

(ii) The Cricket Clubs: The first Indian club, the Calcutta Cricket Club, was established in 1792. Through the

In the eighteenth century, cricket in India was almost wholly a sport played by British military men and civil servants in all-white clubs and gymkhanas.

(iii)  Cricket by Parsis: Parsis were the first to play cricket in India. They were close to Britishers because of their interest in trade and western education. They founded the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848 and later on Parsi Gymkhana.

(iv) Clubs by other communities: The establishment of the Parsi Gymkhana became a precedent for other Indians who in turn established clubs based on the idea of religious community. By the 1890s, the Hindus and Muslims were busy gathering funds and support for a Hindu Gymkhana and an Islam Gymkhana. The British did not consider colonial India as a nation.

(v) Quadrangular Tournament: This history of gymkhana cricket led to first-class cricket being organized on communal and racial lines. The teams that played colonial India’s greatest and most famous first-class cricket tournament did not represent regions, as teams in today’s Ranji Trophy currently do, but religious communities. The tournament was initially called the Quadrangular, because it was played by four teams: the Europeans, the Parsis, the Hindus and the Muslims. It later became the Pentangular when a fifth team was added, namely, the Rest, which comprised all the communities left over, such as the Indian Christians.

 

What changes were brought by (MCC) Marylebone Cricket Club-in cricket laws in the later half of the 18th century? [CBSE 2015]

Or

Mention any three changes brought about in the game of Cricket by the MCC’s revision of the laws during the second half of the 18th century. [CBSE March 2011]

• It was decided to pitch the ball in the air instead of rolling it along the ground. It gave the bowlers the options of length, deception through the air and increase in the pace.

• The curved bat was replaced by the straight one.

• The weight of the ball was limited to 51/2 to 53/4 ounces, while the width of the bat was limited to four inches.

• In 1774, the first leg before wicket law was published.

• At about the same time, a third stump became common.

• By 1780, three days had become the length of major matches.

 

“The social and economic history of England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, cricket’s early years, shaped the game and gave cricket its unique nature.” Explain. [CBSE 2014]

• Cricket and rural life: Cricket’s connection with a rural past can be seen in the length of a Test match. Originally, cricket matches had no time limit. The game went on for as long as it took to bowl out a side twice. The rhythms of village life were slower and cricket’s rules were made before the Industrial Revolution.

• Size of ground and the common land: In the same way, cricket’s vagueness about the size of a cricket ground is a result of its village origins! Cricket was originally played on country commons, unfenced land that was public property. The size of the commons varied from one village to another, so there were no designated boundaries or boundary hits.

• Cricket’s tools: Cricket’s most important tools are all made of natural, pre-industrial materials. The bat is made of wood as are the stumps and the bails. The ball is made with leather, twine and cork.

• Division of the players: Cricket players were also divided on their social and economic status. The rich who could afford to play it for pleasure were called amateurs and the poor who played it for a living were called professionals.

• Cricket and the British Empire : Team sports like cricket and rugby were not treated as just outdoor play, but as an organized way of teaching English boys the discipline, the importance of hierarchy, the skills, the codes of honor and the leadership qualities that helped them build and run the British empire.

How have advances in tech-nology, especially television technology, affected the development of contemporary cricket?

• Expansion in the audience: Television coverage has changed cricket. New cricket is watched in almost all the continents of the world.
  It has expanded the audience for the game by beaming cricket into small towns and villages.

•  A big industry: Television has made cricket a big industry. Coloured dress, protective helmets, field restrictions, cricket under fights, became a standard part of the Post Packer game. Cricket boards became rich by selling television rights to television companies. Television channels are making money by selling television spots to companies who are happy to pay large sums of money to air commercials for their products to cricket’s captive television audience. Continuous television coverage has made cricketers celebrities who, besides being paid better by their cricket boards, are now making even larger sums of money by doing commercials for a wide range of products, from tyres to colas on television.

• Shift in the center of gravity : Television has shifted the balance of power in cricket. Since India had the largest viewership for the game amongst the cricket-playing nations, and the largest market in the cricketing world, the game’s center of gravity shifted to South Asia. This shift was symbolized by the shifting of the ICC headquarters from London to tax-free Dubai.

• Improvement in the game : The ICC, which is the governing body, has made it compulsory to telecast all international matches. Now, the third empire has been introduced and television is also being used to improve the game.

 

The Parsis were the first Indian community to set up a cricket club in India. Explain their contribution to cricket. [CBSE March 2011]

Or

Who set the first cricket club in India? Explain the contribution of them in the field of cricket. [CBSE March 2011]

The Parsis, a small community of the Zoroastrians, was the first Indian community to start playing cricket. They founded the first Indian cricket club, Known as the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1848. The chief causes for the same were the following:

• They came into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade. x

• They were the first Indian community to westernize and learn English language and literature.

• They built their own Gymkhana to play cricket.

• A Parsi cricket team beat the British cricket team in 1889. This triumph filled their heart and soul with pride.

• The Parsis thus became the pioneers of Indian cricket. Their example encouraged other Indians to establish their own clubs.

 

 

 

 

How did Indians enter test cricket during the British period? [CBSE2014]

• While some English team games like hockey and football became international games, played all over the world, cricket remained a colonial game, limited to countries that had once been part of the British empire.

• The origins of Indian cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsis.

• India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932, a decade and a half before it became an independent nation. This was possible because Test cricket from its origins in 1877 was organized as a contest between different parts of the British empire, not sovereign nations.

How was the game of cricket used by the Caribbean’s a measure of racial equality and political progress? Explain.

• While British imperial officials brought the game to the colonies, they made little effort to spread the game, especially in colonial territories where the subjects of empire were mainly non-white, such as India and the West Indies. Here, playing cricket became a sign of superior social and racial status, and the Afro-Caribbean population was discouraged from participating in organized club cricket, which remained dominated by white plantation owners and their servants.

• At the time of their independence many of the political leaders of Caribbean countries like Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams saw in the game a chance for self-respect and international standing.

• When the West Indies won its first Test series against England in 1950, it was celebrated as a national achievement, as a way of demonstrating that West Indians were the equals of white Englishmen.

.

What is the importance of sports in our life?

Or

Explain the moral values which sports teaches us?

• It is a way of amusement and keeps us fit.

• Many see sports an organized way of
  teaching children the discipline, the importance of hierarchy, the skills, the codes of honor and the leadership qualities.

• Success at sport became a measure of racial equality and political progress. At the time of their independence many of the political leaders of Caribbean countries like Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams saw in the game a Chance for self respect and international standing. When the West Indies won its first Test series against England in 1950, it was celebrated as a national |achievement, as a way of demonstrating that West Indians were the equals of white Englishmen.

• It is also a way of expressing our social loyalty towards our nation.

• History of sports also reflects the nature of society.

 

Why is it said that the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing field of Eton though the fact was different?

Or

“The battle of Waterloo was on the playing fields of Eton”. Explain the statement. [CBSE March 2011,2012] Or

Why is it said that the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing ground of Eton? [CBSE March 2011]

• Eton was the most famous school of England where the best type of military training was given to the students.

• It was here that the high values of life were taught to the students.

• Thomas Arnold, the founder of the Modern Public Schools, and the headmaster of the famous Rugby School saw in Cricket the best way to teach the high values of social service, discipline, courage, qualities of leadership, etc., to the students.
  Real fact : Actually, England won these wars because of its better economic condition, because of the iron works of Scotland and Wales, the mills of Lancashire and the great financial houses of the city of London who greatly added to the financial resources of the country.