A abampere (aA) The unit of electric current in the CGSeniu system, defined as that current that, if flowing through two parallel conductors of negligible cross section and infinite length, placed 1 cm apart in vacuo, would produce on each conductor a force of 1 dyne per centimeter of length. 1 abampere = 1 abcoulomb/s = r statampere (where c = speed of light in cm/s) = 10 ampere. aberration Imperfect image formation due to geometric imperfections in the optical elements of a system ablation 1 . The wasting of glacier ice by any process (calving, melting, evaporation, etc.). 2. The shedding of molten material from the outer sur- face of a meteorite or tektite during its flight through the atmosphere. absolute age The age of a natural substance, of a fossil or living organism, or of an artifact, obtained by means of an absolute dating method. See absolute dating method. absolute density Density in kg/m' or, more commonly, in g/cm\ both at STP. Cf. density, relative density abso
Why Do We Fall ill class 9 biology MCQ & SAQ
Why Do We Fall ill class 9 biology NCERT SOLUTION:
1. How many of these ways we can think of are events that would occur when the disaster is actually happening ?
Ans. (i) Disease caused due to shortage of drinking water.
(ii) Health affected by the shortage of food.
(iii) Diseases caused due to sanitary problems.
(iv) Health affected due to unavailability of shelter.
2. How many of these health-related events would happen long after the actual disaster, but would still be because of the disaster ?
Ans. (i) Diseases caused due to accumulation of dirty water e.g., malaria.
(ii) Spread of waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery etc.
(iii) Diseases caused due to rotting things in the debris.
3. Why would one effect on health fall into the first group, and why would another fall into the second group ?
Ans. This is because the disease or the effect on health which are placed in the first group are caused immediately after the disaster takes place. But, the effect or diseases in the second group, however are ultimately due to disaster, but takes time to take place.
4. List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to seek a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor ? Why or why not ?
Ans. Some general symptoms -
(i) Headache (ii) Cough (iii) Dysentery
If any of the above symptoms is observed, the person should immediately contact the doctor.
Cause : Any of the symptoms can be the cause of disease. If these are ignored, the person may have to face a dangerous situation.
5. In which of the following cases do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant?
(i) If you get jaundice (ii) If you get lice. (iii) If you get acne.
Ans. In Jaundice because it is a chronic disease which may stay for a long-time.
6. Why are we normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick ?
Ans. During infection, the immune power of the body decreases. So, to maintain the immune power we are suggested to take sufficient and easily digestible food.
7. What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread ?
Ans. Following are the means of spread of diseases -
(i) By air : By sneezing and coughing, the microbes spread into the air and enter the body of a healthy man.
(ii) By water : The microbes enter our body by drinking polluted and contaminated water.
(iii) By sexual contact : some disease like AIDS, spread by sexual contact with infected person.
(iv) By vectors : Some organisms like female anopheles mosquitoes also work as the vector of disease causing agents and hence spread diseases.
8. What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases ?
Ans. (i) By preventing gathering of people.
(ii) By making available clean and fresh drinking water.
(iii) By keeping the ground and class rooms clean.
(iv) By using a handkerchief to cover the mouth while sneezing or coughing.
(v) By preventing accumulation of water in and around the school.
(vi) By using vaccines and immunization
(vii) By keeping the toilet clean.
(viii) By avoiding the use of uncovered food and fruits.
9. What is immunization ?
Ans. The process of developing immune power in the body to fight against the diseases is called immunization.
10. A baby is not able to tell her/his caretakers that she/he is sick. What would help us to find out
(a) that the baby is sick ? (b) what is the sickness ?
Ans. (a) Some particular symptoms e.g., cough, cold, dysentery, etc. Indicate that child is sick.
(b) (i) Every disease has its own particular symptoms which tell us about the disease.
(ii) By carrying tests in the laboratory, the disease can be diagnosed.
11. Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick ?
(a) When she is recovering from malaria.
(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken-pox.
(c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken-pox. Why ?
Ans. (c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken-pox.
Reason : (a) due to unavailability of sufficient and balanced diet and weakened immune system.
12. Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick ?
(a) When you are taking examinations.
(b) When you have traveled by bus and train for two days.
(c) When your friend is suffering from measles. Why?
Ans. (c) When my friend is suffering from measles.
Reason : In this condition, I will frequently visit my friends address. Measles is an airborne disease. When my friend coughs or sneezes, small drops from his mouth containing microbes mix in the air. The microbes may be carried away by air. So, the chance of getting infected increases. Hence, in this case I may fall severely sick
Why Do We Fall ill class 9 biology MCQ:
Question: The disease caused due to worm is
a) Filariasis
b) Tetanus
c) Rabies
d) Sleeping sickness
Answer: Filariasis
Question: Penicillin is a drug that can
a) None of the options
b) Interfere in the biological pathway of bacteria
c) An antibiotic that can kill bacteria
d) Both Interfere in the biological pathway of bacteria and An antibiotic that can kill bacteria
Answer: None of the options
Question: The pathogens of disease are
a) Protozoa
b) Bacteria
c) Virus
d) All of the options
Answer: Protozoa
Question: HIV virus attacks one of the following cells in our body
a) Long cell
b) Red blood cells
c) White blood cells
d) Liver cell
Answer: Long cell
Question: The bacteria among the following is
a) Trypanosome
b) Plasmodium
c) Rabies virus
d) Salmonella typhi
Answer: Trypanosome
Question: Diarrhea, cholera, typhoid are the diseases that have one thing in common that is
a) All of the options
b) All of them are cured by antibiotics
c) All of them is transmitted by contaminated food and water
d) All of them are caused by bacteria
Answer: All of the options
Question: Plasmodium is an example of
a) Protozoa
b) Virus
c) Bacteria
d) Worm
Answer: Protozoa
Question: Malaria is caused due to
a) Both Protozoa and Anopheles mosquito
b) Protozoa
c) Anopheles mosquito
d) None of the options
Answer: Both Protozoa and Anopheles mosquito
Question: The BCG vaccine is given for the immunity against
a) Tuberculosis
b) Hepatitis
c) Jaundice
d) Malaria
Answer: Tuberculosis
Question: The disease that affects our lungs is
a) Tuberculosis
b) AIDS
c) Polio
d) Rabies
Answer: Tuberculosis
Question: Larynx is called
a) Voice box
b) Respiratory organ
c) Music box
d) None of the options
Answer: Voice box
Question. Congenital disease is
(a) Deficiency disease
(b) Present from the time of birth
(c) Spread from man to man
(d) That occurs during lifetime
Answer : A
Question. Which one of the following is not a viral disease?
(a) Dengue
(b) AIDS
(c) Typhoid
(d) Influenza
Answer : C
Question. Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?
(a) Cholera
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Anthrax
(d) Influenza
Answer : D
Question. Examples of communicable diseases are Tuberculosis
(a) Diabetes
(b) Arthritis
(c) Cancer
(a) None
Answer : A
Question. Sleeping sickness is caused by ____________, a protozoan.
(a) Trypanosoma
(b) Euglena
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Amoeba
Answer : A
Question. Which one of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
(a) Typhoid
(b) Anthrax
(c) Tuberculosis
(d) Malaria
Answer : D
Question. Which one of the following has a long term effect on the health of an individual?
(a) Common cold
(b) Chicken pox
(c) Chewing tobacco
(d) Stress
Answer : C
Question. Many of the people suffer from the problem of acne and feel annoyed by the ugly skin texture caused due to the acne spots. Can you guess the microorganism causing these acne?
(a) H1N1 virus
(b) Trypanosoma
(c)Leishmania
(d) Staphylococcus
Answer : D
Question. Microbes are the immediate cause of _______ disease.
(a) Infectious
(b) Non-infectious
(c) Acute
(d) Chronic.
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following diseases is caused by worms?
(a) Measles
(b) Poliomyelitis
(c) Tuberculosis
(d) Elephantiasis
Answer : D
Question. Which one of the following is not important for individual health?
(a) Living in clean space
(b) Good economic condition
(c) Social equality and harmony
(d) Living in a large and well furnished house
Answer : D
Question. Malarial parasite after entering the human body reaches the
(a) liver and then RBCs
(b) stomach and then RBCs
(c) liver and then WBCs
(d) stomach and then salivary glands
Answer : A
Question. We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they
(a) multiply very fast and cause pollution
(b) are vectors for many diseases
(c) bite and cause skin diseases
(d) are not important insects
Answer : B
Question. Larynx is called
(a) Voice box
(b) Music box
(c) Respiratory organ
(d) None of these
Answer : D
Question. Which one of the following has a long term effect on the health of an individual?
(a) Common cold
(b) Chicken pox
(c) Chewing tobacco
(d) Stress
Answer : C
Question. TAB-vaccine is used to provide immunity against Typhoid for a period of three years.What is the correct abbreviation of TAB?
(a) Typhoid-Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine
(b) Typhoid-Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine
(c)Typhoid-Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine
(d) Typhoid-Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine
Answer : A
Question. Plasmodium is an example of
(a) Virus
(b) Bacteria
(c) Protozoa
(d) Worm
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following organisms causes acne?
(a) Trypanosoma
(b) Lactobacillus
(c) Staphylococcus
(d) Plasmodium
Answer : C
Question. HIV virus attacks one of the following cells in our body
(a) Red blood cells
(b) White blood cells
(c) Liver cell
(d) Long cell
Answer : D
Question. Which one of the following is not important for individual health?
(a) Living in a clean place
(b) Good economic condition
(c) Social equality and harmony
(d) Living in large, well-furnished house
Answer : D
Question. Which of the following is the literal meaning of disease?
(a) Being happy
(b) Being unaware
(c) Being uncomfortable
(d) Being uncomplicated
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following bacteria causes peptic ulcer?
(a) Helicobacter cholecystitis
(b) Helicobacter salomonis
(c) Helicobactor pylori
(d) Helicobactor hepaticus
Answer : C
Question. The disease caused due to worm is
(a) Tetanus
(b) Rabies
(c) Sleeping sickness
(d) Filariasis
Answer : D
Question. The main symptoms of the HIV-AIDS infection are due to the fact that the patient's body can no longer fight off many minor infections and hence becomes the reason for the patient’s ultimate death.
This happens because:
(a) HIV virus alone causes all the infections
(b) HIV virus releases a poison in the body
(c) HIV virus damages the immune system of the body
(d) HIV virus directly attacks the human nervous system
Answer : C
Question. Acute diseases last for:
(a) Long period of time
(b) Only few hours
(c) Short period of time
(d) Life long
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following is a chronic disease?
(a) Cold
(b) Diabetes
(c) Influenza
(d) Typhoid
Answer : B
1. Which of the following could be a cause for developing a disease?
(a) Exercising properly
(b) Having a balanced diet
(c) Poor personal hygiene
(d) Getting enough sleep
► (c) Poor personal hygiene
2. Sleeping sickness is caused by ____________, a protozoan.
(a) Trypanosoma
(b) Euglena
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Amoeba
► (a) Trypanosoma
3. Identify the group among the following, which contains all bacterial diseases :
(a) Typhoid, tuberculosis, anthrax
(b) Malaria, anthrax, typhoid
(c) Kala-azar, influenza, tuberculosis
(d) Tuberculosis, anthrax, dengue
► (a) Typhoid, tuberculosis, anthrax
4. Which is not a contributory cause of a person acquiring a water borne disease?
(a) Lack of sufficient food
(b) Attack by bacteria
(c) Genetic susceptibility to the disease
(d) Lack of clean drinking water
► (c) Genetic susceptibility to the disease
5. Suzan’s grandfather is suffering from tuberculosis. In which category will you put his disease?
(a) Chronic and acute both
(b) She cannot predict anything from this information.
(c) Chronic
(d) Acute
► (c) Chronic
6. We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they
(a) multiply very fast and cause pollution
(b) are vectors for many diseases
(c) bite and cause skin diseases
(d) are not important insects
► (b) are vectors for many diseases
7. The process in which the active immune system employs many cells to the affected tissue, is called
(a) infection
(b) infestation
(c) invasion
(d) inflammation
► (d) inflammation
8. Choose the wrong statement:
(a) High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise
(b) Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities
(c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food
(d) Acne is caused by Staphylococci
► (c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food
9. What is the importance of childhood immunization programmes?
(a) These programmes give protection only when the child reaches adult stage.
(b) These programmes give lifelong protection against several infectious diseases
(c) These programmes give temporary protection against diseases
(d) These programmes improve the health of some children
► (b) These programmes give lifelong protection against several infectious diseases
10. The vector for Yellow fever is:
(a) Mosquito
(b) Flea
(c) Housefly
(d) Rat
► (a) Mosquito
11. Which of the following is the literal meaning of disease?
(a) Being happy
(b) Being unaware
(c) Being uncomfortable
(d) Being uncomplicated
► (c) Being uncomfortable
12. Rejection of transplanted organ is prevented by regular use of
(a) Cyclosporin
(b) Calcitonin
(c) Thrombin
(d) Pyroxin
► (a) Cyclosporin
13. Which one of the following is not a viral disease?
(a) Dengue
(b) AIDS
(c) Typhoid
(d) Influenza
► (c) Typhoid
14. The diseases where microbes are the immediate causes, are called
(a) infectious diseases
(b) non-infectious diseases
(c) chronic diseases
(d) acute diseases
► (a) infectious diseases
15. Antibiotics used in treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases are
(a) the names of useful bacteria
(b) toxins produced by bacteria
(c) drugs manufactured to kill viruses
(d) products of metabolism in some bacteria
► (d) products of metabolism in some bacteria
16. Acute diseases last for:
(a) Long period of time
(b) Only few hours
(c) Short period of time
(d) Life long
► (c) Short period of time
17. Antibiotics do not work against viral infections because
(a) viruses live only inside host cells.
(b) viruses do not have metabolic pathways of their own,
(c) viruses are resistant to antibiotics.
(d) the protein coat of viruses acts as a barrier to the antibiotics
► (b) viruses do not have metabolic pathways of their own,
18. ‘Public cleanliness is important for individual health’. Which of the following is an example of this statement?
(a) Brushing our teeth and taking bath everyday keeps our body clean
(b) Collecting and cleaning of garbage cans on the street regularly helps to prevent the spread of diseases
(c) Clean rooms in our houses are essential for healthy living
(d) Cutting nails regularly prevents dirt accumulation and infection in the nails
► (b) Collecting and cleaning of garbage cans on the street regularly helps to prevent the spread of diseases
19. The organisms which carry the infectious agents from a sick person to another potential host are known as
(a) Fomites
(b) Causative agents
(c) Vectors
(d) Vehicles
► (c) Vectors
20. Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?
(a) Cholera
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Anthrax
(d) Influenza
► (d) Influenza
21. Which of the following bacteria causes peptic ulcer?
(a) Helicobacter cholecystitis
(b) Helicobacter salomonis
(c) Helicobactor pylori
(d) Helicobactor hepaticus
► (c) Helicobactor pylori
22. Vectors can be defined as
(a) animals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person
(b) microorganisms which cause many diseases
(c) infected person
(d) diseased plants
► (a) animals carry the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person
23. It was found that milkmaids who had cowpox did not suffer from smallpox later?
(a) Since smallpox virus is closely related to cowpox virus.
(b) Scientists have not yet worked out the reason for this.
(c) Since cowpox is more deadly than smallpox.
(d) Since smallpox is more deadly than cowpox.
► (a) Since smallpox virus is closely related to cowpox virus.
24. Viruses, which cause hepatitis, are transmitted through
(a) air
(b) personal contact
(c) food
(d) water
► (b) personal contact
25. Jaundice is a disease of
(a) kidney
(b) liver
(c) pancreas
(d) duodenum
► (b) liver
26. How does penicillin kill bacteria?
(a) Penicillin makes holes in the cell membrane.
(b) Penicillin interferes with the bacterial metabolism.
(c) Penicillin inhibits protein synthesis.
(d) Penicillin prevents cell wall formation.
► (d) Penicillin prevents cell wall formation.
27. Which one of the following has a long term effect on the health of an individual?
(a) Common cold
(b) Chicken pox
(c) Chewing tobacco
(d) Stress
► (c) Chewing tobacco
28. AIDS cannot be transmitted by
(a) sexual contact
(b) hugs
(c) breast feeding
(d) blood transfusion
► (b) hugs
29. A condition of failure of function of kidney to form urine is
(a) Creatinine
(b) Hematuria
(c) Alkaptonuria
(d) Anuria
► (d) Anuria
30. The set of diseases which spread through sexual contact as well as through placenta to the foetus are
(a) Malaria and AIDS
(b) AIDS and Syphilis
(c) Syphilis and Malaria
(d) AIDS and Cancer
► (b) AIDS and Syphilis
31. Malarial parasite after entering the human body reaches the
(a) liver and then RBCs
(b) stomach and then RBCs
(c) liver and then WBCs
(d) stomach and then salivary glands
► (a) liver and then RBCs
32. Which one of the following causes kala-azar?
(a) Ascaris
(b) Trypanosoma
(c) Leishmania
(d) Bacteria
► (c) Leishmania
33. Which of the following is not a symptom of any disease?
(a) Meningitis
(b) Headache
(c) Cough
(d) Swelling
► (a) Meningitis
34. Which of the following organisms causes acne?
(a) Trypanosoma
(b) Lactobacillus
(c) Staphylococcus
(d) Plasmodium
► (c) Staphylococcus
Why Do We Fall ill class 9 biology SAQ:
Question 1. Give the difference between acute disease and chronic disease.
Answer:
Question 2. State two main causes of disease.
Answer: Two main causes of disease are immediate cause and contributory cause. Immediate cause: This is due to the organisms that enter our body and cause disease. Example, viruses, protozoa, bacteria.
Contributory cause: These are the secondary factors which lead these organisms to enter our body. Example, dirty water, unclean surroundings, contaminated food etc.
Question 3. Define vaccine and name two vaccines.
Answer: Vaccine is a chemical /drug given in advance to a body to give immunity against certain diseases.
Vaccines given to children are:
(a) BCG—for tuberculosis prevention
(b) Polio drops—for polio prevention
Question 4. What is antibiotic penicillin? Give its function.
Answer: Penicillin antibiotic blocks the bacterial processes that build the cell wall. Due to this drug, the bacteria is unable to make a protective cell wall and dies easily. It is used to cure the diseases and infections caused by bacteria.
Question 5. Bacteria is a cell, antibiotics can kill these bacteria (cell), Human body is also made of cells. How does it affect our body?
Answer: Antibiotics block the biochemical pathway of bacteria by which it makes a protective cell wall around it. Antibiotics do not allow the bacteria to make this cell wall because of which they die.
Human body cells don’t make any cell walls so antibiotics cannot have any such effect on our body.
Question 6. How does cholera become an epidemic in a locality?
Answer: Cholera is an infectious disease that spreads due to unsafe water. It can spread in a locality; if a person suffering from cholera lives in the locality and
The excreta of this person gets mixed with the drinking water used by people living nearby. The cholera-causing microbe enters the new hosts through the water they drink and causes disease in them.
Question 7. Name the organs affected due to the following diseases:
Malaria, jaundice, Japanese encephalitis, typhoid.
Answer:
Malaria: Infects liver and red blood cells
Jaundice: Infects the liver.
Japanese encephalitis: Infects the brain
Typhoid: Infects blood.
Question 8. Why are sick patients advised to take bed rest?
Answer: Doctors advise to take bed rest for sick patients so that they can conserve their energy which can be used for healing of their body organs which were affected due to certain disease.
Question 9. How do we kiU microbes that enter our body and cause diseases?
Answer: Microbes can be killed by using medicines These microbes are of different categories—virus, bacteria, fungi or protozoa. Each of these groups of organisms have some essential biochemical life processes which are peculiar to a particular group and are not shared by others. These pathways are not used by us. By using drugs that block the microbial synthesis pathway without affecting us, we can kill the microbes.
Question 10. What are disease specific means of prevention?
Answer: The disease specific means of prevention are the use of vaccines. The vaccines are used against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio and many others.
Question 11. Why can’t we make antiviral medicines/drugs?
Answer: The viruses lie on the borderline of living and non-living organisms. The viruses can live, grow and multiply only inside the host body. They cannot be grown or cultured and their biological pathways cannot be affected. Hence, the antiviral medicines/drugs are difficult to make.
Question 12. Write a short note on malaria as a disease, its symptoms and control.
Answer: Malaria is caused by protozoa that lives in blood. This parasite enters our body through a female Anopheles mosquito bite which is the vector, visits water to lay eggs, the protozoa enters our blood stream when a female mosquito bites us. This protozoa affects our liver and red blood cells.
Symptoms: Very high fever with periodic shivering, headache and muscular pain. –
Control: Use of quinine drug, keeping the surroundings clean with no stagnant water, use of mosquito repellent creams, nets, can control the spread of this disease.
Question 13. What is AIDS? How does a person get affected with HIV?
Answer: AIDS is Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome, it is caused due to HIV— human immunodeficiency virus. This virus reduces the immunity of the human body. Therefore if any microbe enters the body of a person it causes disease killing the person.
The virus is transmitted from infected person to other person by any of the following way:
(a) Blood transfusion.
(b) From mother (infected) to baby in the womb.
(c) From mother’s milk to lactating baby.
(d) By sexual contact.
(e) Sharing needles with an infected person.
Question 14. Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing noticeable disease. Explain.
Answer: This is because the immune system of our body is normally fighting off microbes. Our body has cells that are specialized in killing infecting microbes. Whenever any microbes or foreign body enters our system, these cells become active and kill the microbes that could cause any damage to the body. These immune cells manage to kill off the infection and a person does not get disease.
Question 15. What are three limitations for the approach to deal with infectious diseases?
Answer: The three limitations are:
(1) If someone has a disease, their body functions are damaged and may never recover completely.
(2) As the treatment will take time, the person suffering from a disease is likely to be bedridden for some time.
(3) The infectious person can serve as the source from which the infection may spread to other people.
Question 16. Give the common methods of transmission of diseases.
Answer:
The common methods of transmission of diseases are:
(1) By air – cough, cold, tuberculosis
(2) By food and water – typhoid, jaundice
(3) By mosquito bite – malaria
(4) By rabid animal – rabies
(5) By direct contact – skin infection, smallpox, AIDS
(6) By indirect contact – typhoid, chickenpox
Question 17. What are the basic conditions for good health?
Answer: The basic conditions for good health are:
(1) Proper balanced and nutritious diet
(2) Personal hygiene
(3) Clean surroundings and clean environment
(4) Regular rest
(5) Proper rest
(6) Good economic status.
AIDS is spreading globally at a very fast rate. A group of class-IX students made a module on its prevention and posted it on a social networking site.
(a) What is the cause of AIDS?
(b) Give any two precautions.
(c) What value of these students is reflected in this act?
Answer:
(a) HIV virus.
(b) Two preventive measures of AIDS are use of disposable injections, scanning of blood before transfusion for HIV.
(c) Students showed moral responsibility and general awareness.
There is a ban on the sale of junk food items in school canteens. A student notices that in his school canteen cold drinks, chips and cup noodles were sold. He reports this matter to his teachers and school office. Thereafter the sale of junk food in the canteen was stopped and monitored.
(a) Why is a balanced diet necessary for maintaining a healthy body?
(b) Name two diseases caused due to junk food.
(c) What values of this student are reflected?
Answer:
(a) Balanced diet provides all the nutrients to our body in appropriate amounts and keeps our body healthy.
(b) Heart diseases and obesity.
(c) The student showed general awareness and was a responsible citizen.
Sudha’s brother, who is 5 years old, had a high fever for two days. The doctor prescribed him antibiotics. Sudha hesitantly asks for the name of the disease his brother had and why was he advised to take antibiotics without any diagnosis?
(a) Is fever a disease?
(b) What is the role of antibiotics?
(c) What value of Sudha is reflected in the above act?
Answer:
(a) Fever is not a disease, it is a symptom.
(b) Antibiotics are medicines advised to be taken only when the immune system of a patient is unable to fight against the microbes.
(c) Sudha showed moral responsibility, general awareness.
Malaria was on the outbreak in a locality of a town. People thought that the bite of mosquitoes caused malaria and started killing mosquitoes. Anita told the masses to clean the breeding grounds of mosquitoes, to add oil on the water bodies and clean all the areas where stagnant water was present.
(a) What is the cause of malaria?
(b) Give two ways to prevent it.
(c) What value of Anita is reflected in this act?
Answer:
(a) Malaria is caused due to the protozoa named Plasmodium.
(b) Two ways to prevent malaria are—
(i) Clear all breeding grounds of mosquitoes i.e., stagnant water.
(ii) Use mosquito repellents.
(c) Anita showed the values of social responsibility and self-awareness.
Latika was suffering with chickenpox and was advised to stay at home by her doctor. Latika’s friend persuades her to go for a class picnic along with her and have fun. But Latika refuses and stays at home.
(a) What is the cause of chickenpox?
(b) Give one precaution for it.
(c) What value of Latika is reflected in not going for a picnic.
Answer:
(a) Virus causes chickenpox.
(b) One precaution of avoiding spread of chickenpox is to stay away from public places when one is suffering from it. Take vaccination.
(c) Latika showed moral responsibility and self awareness.
Why Do We Fall ill class 9 biology long question:
Question 1. If someone in the family gets an infectious disease, what precautions will you advise to the other family members?
Answer: For an infectious diseased person in the family following precautions should be taken:
(1) The surroundings and the house should be clean.
(2) The infected person should be kept isolated in a separate room.
(3) The clothes and utensils of patients should be sanitized regularly.
(4) Separate towels and handkerchiefs should be used by the patient.
(5) Children should not be allowed to visit the infected person.
(6) Clean and boiled drinking water should be given to the patient.
(7) A balanced and nutritious diet which will provide a lot of energy should be given.
(8) There should be silence and the patient should be given a lot of bedrest to overcome the infection.
Question 2. What is a disease? Classify disease based on duration and infection cause.
Answer: Disease can be defined as the state of human health which is not at ease and is not comfortable. During disease, the functioning or appearance of one or more systems of the body changes.
Classification:
(a) Based on duration:
Acute diseases: Diseases that last for only a short period of time. Example, headache, common cold etc.
Chronic diseases: Diseases that last for a long time are called chronic disease Example, tuberculosis.
(b) Based on cause: Disease can be grouped as infectious/communicable disease and non-infectious or non-communicable disease.
Infectious diseases: These diseases are caused due to microbes and can spread from one person to another.
Non-infectious diseases: These types of diseases do not spread in the community, but remain internal. Example, cancer, genetic abnormalities.
Question 3. What are the different ways used for the treatment and prevention of diseases?
Answer: Principles of treatment for diseases are:
(1) To reduce the effect of the diseases.
(2) To kill the cause of the disease i.e., to kill the microbes like bacteria, fungi, protozoa.
Principles of prevention are:
(a) General ways: It relates to preventing exposure to the microbes. This can be done in following ways:
For avoiding air-borne infections—Avoid visiting public place, cover your nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing
For water-borne infection—Drink safe, clean and boiled water.
For vector-borne diseases—Keep the surroundings clean, keep food and water covered and clean. Do not allow any water to stand as it becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Self immunity—It is a self-defence mechanism in our system that can fight off and kill microbes that enter our body.
(b) Specific ways—By giving vaccines, childhood immunisation is given to children for preventing infections and diseases.
Question 4. State the mode of transmission for the following diseases:
Malaria, AIDS, Jaundice, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Diarrhea, Hepatitis, Influenza.
Answer:
Question 5. Name all the microorganisms that cause infectious disease and name a few diseases caused by each microorganism.
Answer:
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