A abampere (aA) The unit of electric current in the CGSeniu system, defined as that current that, if flowing through two parallel conductors of negligible cross section and infinite length, placed 1 cm apart in vacuo, would produce on each conductor a force of 1 dyne per centimeter of length. 1 abampere = 1 abcoulomb/s = r statampere (where c = speed of light in cm/s) = 10 ampere. aberration Imperfect image formation due to geometric imperfections in the optical elements of a system ablation 1 . The wasting of glacier ice by any process (calving, melting, evaporation, etc.). 2. The shedding of molten material from the outer sur- face of a meteorite or tektite during its flight through the atmosphere. absolute age The age of a natural substance, of a fossil or living organism, or of an artifact, obtained by means of an absolute dating method. See absolute dating method. absolute density Density in kg/m' or, more commonly, in g/cm\ both at STP. Cf. density, relative density abso
Tissues class 9 biology MCQ & SAQ
Tissues class 9 biology NCERT SOLUTION:
Q1. What is a tissue?
Ans. A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to do a peculiar function is called a tissue.
Q2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Ans. Tissues provide structural and mechanical strength and show division of labor.
Q3. Name the types of simple tissues.
Ans. The types of simple tissues are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Q4. Where is apical meristem found?
Ans. Apical meristem is found at the tip of root or shoot of the plant.
Q5. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
Ans. The husk of coconut is made of sclerenchymatous tissue.
Q6. What are the constituents of phloem?
Ans. Phloem is made up of four types of elements: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers and phloem parenchyma.
Q7. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.
Ans. 1. Muscular tissue,
2. Nervous tissue, combination of both the tissues are responsible for the movement in our body.
Q8. What does a neuron look like?
Ans. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise. Each neuron has a single long part called the axon, and many small, short branched parts called dendrite.
An individual nerve cell is called a neuron, it may be up to a meter long.
Q9. Give three features of cardiac muscles.
Ans. Feature of cardiac muscles
(1) Heart muscles (cardiac muscles) are cylindrical, branched and uninucleated
(2) They are striated muscle fibers.
(3) They are involuntary muscles, and cannot be controlled by us.
Q10. What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Ans. Areolar tissues are connective tissues found in animals. It is found between skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow.
It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in the repair of tissues.
Q1. Define the term “tissue”.
Ans. Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform the same function is called a tissue.
Q2. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
Ans. The xylem is made up of vessels, tracheids, xylem fibers and xylem parenchyma.
Q3. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
Ans. Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells which coordinate to perform a common function.
Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these coordinate to perform a common function.
Q4. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
Ans. Parenchyma: The cells have thin cell walls made up of cellulose.
Collenchyma: The cells have cell walls thickened at the corners due to pectin deposition.
Sclerenchyma: Their walls are thickened due to lignin deposition.
Q5. What are the functions of stomata?
Ans. The outermost layer of the cell is called epidermis and is very porous. These pores are called stomata. These stomata help in transpiration and exchange of gasses during photosynthesis and respiration.
Q6. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibers.
Ans. Striated muscles
(1) They are connected to bones (Skeletal muscles).
(2) They are voluntary muscles.
(3) The cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleated and unbranched.
Smooth muscles
(1) They are found in the alimentary canal and lungs.
(2) They are involuntary muscles.
(3) They are spindle in shape and have a single nucleus.
Cardiac muscles
(1) They are found in the heart.
(2) They are involuntary in action.
(3) They are branched and uninucleated.
Q7. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?
Ans. Cardiac muscle shows rhythmically contraction and relaxation throughout life and helps in pumping action of the heart.
Q8. Differentiate between striated, striated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and location in the body.
Ans.
Q9. Draw a labeled diagram of neurons.
Ans.
Q10. Name the following:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissues that connect muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Ans. (a) Squamous epithelium
(b) Tendons
(c) Phloem
(d) Adipose tissue
(e) Blood
(f ) Nervous tissue
Q11. Identify the type of tissue in the following: Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Ans. (a) Skin—Stratified squamous epithelium
(b) Bark of tree—Cork, protective tissue
(c) Bone—Connective tissue
(d) Lining of kidney tubule—Cuboidal epithelium tissue
(e) Vascular bundle—Conducting tissue or complex permanent tissue.
Q12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Ans. In the pith of the roots and stems. When it contains chlorophyll, it is called chlorenchyma, found in green leaves. In aquatic plants, parenchyma contains large air cavities which help them to float. This type of parenchyma is called aerenchyma.
Q13. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
Ans. Cells of epidermis form a continuous layer without intercellular spaces. It protects all the parts of plants. Epidermis helps in absorption, secretion, transpiration, photosynthesis etc.
Q14. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Ans. Cork acts as a protective tissue because its cells are dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They have deposition of suberin on the walls that make them impervious to gasses and water.
Q15. Complete the following chart:
Ans.
Tissues class 9 biology MCQ
1. Which of the following is also known as packaging tissue?
(a) Adipose tissue
(b) Areolar tissue
(c) Ligaments
(d) Bones
► (b) Areolar tissue
2. Bone is important to the body since it:
(a) Transports gasses and nutrients within the body.
(b) Acts as a fat reservoir.
(c) Fills up the space inside organs.
(d) Gives well-defined shape to the body.
► (d) Gives well-defined shape to the body.
3. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell. It is also called the suicide bag of the cell because:
(a) It causes any cell to commit suicide
(b) Its enzymes digest the cell itself
(c) Its enzymes kill surrounding cells
(d) All of the above
► (b) Its enzymes digest the cell itself
4. The dead element present in the phloem is
(a) companion ceils
(b) phloem fibers
(c) phloem parenchyma
(d) sieve tubes
► (b) phloem fibers
5. Histamine secreting cells are found in
(a) connective tissues
(b) lungs
(c) muscular tissue
(d) nervous tissue
► (a) connective tissues
6. Mammary glands are modified
(a) Sebaceous gland
(b) Sweat gland
(c) Oil gland
(d) Lymph gland
► (b) Sweat gland
7. In an emergency, which tissue helps in making quick decisions after analyzing the situation?
(a) Epithelial tissue
(b) Nervous tissue
(c) Muscular tissue
(d) Connective tissue
► (b) Nervous tissue
8. Epiblema bears:
(a) Cutinised hair
(b) Uncutinised hair
(c) Root hair
(d) Both B and C
► (d) Both B and C
9. Branched involuntary muscle fibers are found in
(a) limbs
(b) ureters
(c) heart
(d) tongue
► (c) heart
10. Cells of squamous epithelium are
(a) Columnar
(b) Tall with elongated nuclei
(c) Flat plate-like
(d) Cube like
► (c) Flat plate-like
11. Survival of plants in terrestrial environment has been made possible by the presence of
(a) intercalary meristem
(b) conducting tissue
(c) apical meristem
(d) parenchymatous tissue
► (b) conducting tissue
12. A tissue is a:
(a) Group of separate organs that are coordinated in their activities
(b) Group of similar cells that function together in a specialized activity
(c) Layer of cells surrounding an organ
(d) Sheet of cells, one layer thick
► (b) Group of similar cells that function together in a specialized activity
13. Name the non-nucleated blood cells.
(a) Neutrophils
(b) Basophils
(c) Lymphocytes
(d) Erythrocytes
► (d) Erythrocytes
14. Epithelial tissue always has an exposed outer surface and an inner surface anchored to connective tissue by a thin, non- cellular structure called the
(a) Non Stratified layer
(b) Stratified layer
(c) Basement membrane
(d) Fibroblast
► (c) Basement membrane
15. The substance found in the cell wall of cork or bark that makes it impervious to water is
(a) lignin
(b) cutin
(c) suberin
(d) pectin
► (c) suberin
16. Tissue that is absent in monocots is:
(a) Aerenchyma
(b) Chlorenchyma
(c) Collenchyma
(d) Sclerenchyma
► (c) Collenchyma
17. Nucleus is not present in-
(a) Companion cell
(b) Mature sieve tube
(c) Phloem parenchyma
(d) Collenchyma
► (b) Mature sieve tube
18. Life span of RBC is
(a) 50 days
(b) 75 days
(c) 120 days
(d) 100 days
► (c) 120 days
19. During a performance, if a dancer wants to stop her dancing, which muscles will execute this decision?
(a) Striated
(b) Smooth
(c) Cardiac
(d) Involuntary
► (a) Striated
20. Which of the following muscles are involuntary?
(a) Cardiac and skeletal
(b) Cardiac and smooth
(c) Skeletal and smooth
(d) Only smooth
► (b) Cardiac and smooth
21. Endothelium of the inner surface of blood vessels in vertebrates is formed
(a) Simple squamous epithelium
(b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Cuboidal epithelium
(d) Ciliated cells
► (a) Simple squamous epithelium
22. Interfascicular cambium is an example of-
(a) Primary meristem
(b) Secondary meristem
(c) Lateral meristem
(d) Apical meristem
► (b) Secondary meristem
23. The plant tissue which provides mechanical strength and consists of living cells, is
(a) parenchyma
(b) aerenchyma
(c) collenchyma
(d) sclerenchyma
► (c) collenchyma
24. Intestine absorbs the digested food materials. What type of epithelial cells are responsible for that?
(a) Stratified squamous epithelium
(b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Spindle fibers
(d) Cuboidal epithelium
► (b) Columnar epithelium
25. Name the long part of the neuron.
(a) Axon
(b) Dendrites
(c) Terminal branches
(d) Cyton
► (a) Axon
26. Sieve tubes and companion cells occur in-
(a) Xylem
(b) Cambium
(c) Meristem
(d) Phloem
► (d) Phloem
27. Cartilage is produced by
(a) Osteoblasts
(b) Epithelium
(c) Fibroblasts
(d) Chondroblasts
► (d) Chondroblasts
28. Which of the following is not a feature of skeletal muscle?
(a) Cylindrical
(b) Striated
(c) Multinucleate
(d) Branched
► (d) Branched
29. The mineral elements found in our bone making it hard, are
(a) sodium and calcium
(b) calcium and phosphorus
(c) phosphorus and sodium
(d) sodium and potassium
► (b) calcium and phosphorus
30. The conducting cells of xylem are
(a) tracheids and xylem fibers
(b) vessels and xylem fibers
(c) tracheids and vessels
(d) vessels and sieve tube
► (c) tracheids and vessels
31. The mechanical strength and rigidity of cell wall is due to
(a) cellulose
(b) lignin
(c) suberin
(d) cutin
► (b) lignin
32. Which one is made of dead cells:
(a) Sclerenchyma
(b) Tracheids
(c) Vessels
(d) All the above
► (d) All the above
33. Which is not a function of epidermis ?
(a) Protection from adverse condition
(b) Gaseous exchange
(c) Conduction of water
(d) Transpiration
► (c) Conduction of water
34. Elongated lignified cells with pointed ends belong to-
(a) Collenchyma
(b) Parenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
(d) None of these
► (c) Sclerenchyma
35. Striated muscles are found in
(a) Gallbladder
(b) Wall of bronchi
(c) Skeletal muscles
(d) Lungs
► (c) Skeletal muscles
36. The contraction of muscle tissue is carried out by the action of
(a) Actin and myosin
(b) Actin and relaxin
(c) Fibrin and relaxin
(d) Secretin and myosin
► (a) Actin and myosin
37. Bone marrow is important for
(a) Breakdown of WBC
(b) Production of RBC
(c) Breakdown of RBC
(d) Production of WBC
► (b) Production of RBC
38. Cork cambium is an example of-
(a) Lateral meristem
(b) Primary meristem
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Intercalary meristem
► (a) Lateral meristem
Question. ……………………. It smoothens bone surfaces at joints.
(a) RBC
(b) Ligament
(c) Tendons
(d) Cartilage
Answer: D
Question. Heart can contract and relax by ……………… movement
(a) Muscular
(b) Fibers
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of them
Answer: A
Question. Lysosome is a cytoplasmic organelle containing enzymes that break down biological polymers. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell. It is also called the suicide bag of the cell because:
(a) It causes any cell to commit suicide
(b) Its enzymes digest the cell itself
(c) Its enzymes kill surrounding cells
(d) All of the above
Answer: B
Question. While doing work and running, you move your organs Like hands, legs etc. Which among the following is correct?
(a) Smooth muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.
(b) Smooth muscles contract and pull the tendons to move the bones.
(c) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.
(d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones.
Answer : D
Question. Full form of WBCs
(a) White blood cilia
(b) White bone cell
(c) White bone cilia
(d) White blood cells
Answer : D
Question. Adipose tissue is found below the………….. and between …………………
(a) Heart, lungs
(b) Skin, internal organs
(c) Brain, kidneys
(d) Hairs, eyes
Answer: B
Question. ………………….. is present at the growing tips of stem and roots and increases its length
(a) Parenchyma tissue
(b) Meristematic tissue
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Roots
Answer : C
Question. Cluster of cells called……………
(a) Cells
(b) Tissues
(c) Organ
(d) None of them
Answer : B
Question. Heart can contract and relax by ……………… movement
(a) Muscular
(b) Fibers
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of them
Answer : A
Question. Fats are stored in human body as
(a) Cuboidal epithelium
(b) Adipose tissue
(c) Bones
(d) Cartilage
Answer : B
Question. Small pores present epidermis of leaves called……………..
(a) Stomata
(b) Lignin
(c) Thick walls
(d) Epidermis
Answer : A
Question. Xylem Is the specialized tissue of the plants that transports water and nutrients from the soil to the upper parts like stems and leaves of plant and provides mechanical support to them. It is composed of four different types of the cells. Which of the following is not one a type of cell found in xylem tissues?
(a) Tracheids
(b) Vessels
(c) Xylem parenchyma
(d) Sieve tubes
Answer: D
Question. Which of the following cells is found in the cartilaginous tissue of the body?
(a) Mast cells
(b) Basophils
(c) Osteocytes
(d) Chondrocytes
Answer : D
Question. Survival of plants in terrestrial environment has been made possible by the presence of
(a) intercalary meristem
(b) conducting tissue
(c) apical meristem
(d) parenchymatous tissue
Answer : B
Question. Esophagus, lining of mouth are covered with…………
(a) Simple epithelium
(b) Squamous epithelium
(c) Sponge epithelium
9d) All of the above
Answer : B
Question. Simple epithelium is a tissue, which form the outer protective layer of the skin of the animal body, is composed of cells which are
(a) Hardened and provide support to organs
(b) Continuously diving to provide to form an organ
(c) Cemented directly to one another to form an irregular layer
(d) Loosely connected to one another to form an irregular layer
Answer: C
Question. ……………… tissues are loosely held and stores food in plant
(a) Parenchyma tissue
(b) Meristematic tissue
(c) Permanent tissue
(d) None of them
Answer: C
Question. ………….is a single cell organism
(a) Human being
(b) Cactus
(c) Amoeba
(d) Rat
Answer: C
Question. ……………….. can secrete substances at the epithelial surface which we called glandular epithelium
(a) Bile juices
(b) Gland cells
(c) Liver cells
(d) Nerve cells
Answer: B
Tissues class 9 biology SAQ
Give the functions of bone.
Answer: The functions of bone are:
(i) It provides shape to the body.
(ii) It provides skeletal support to the body.
(iii) It anchors the muscles.
(iv) It protects vital body organs like the brain, lungs, etc.
Give the functions of cartilage. .
Answer: (i) It provides support and flexibility to the body parts.
(ii) It smoothes surface at joints.
What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Answer: Functions are:
(i) It helps in the repair of tissues after an injury.
(ii) It also helps in combating foreign toxins.
(iii) It fixes skin to underlying muscles.
What is stomata?
Answer: Stomata are small pores present on the surface of a leaf which helps in the exchange of gasses and in transpiration.
Why does epidermal tissue have no intercellular space?
Answer: The epidermal (layer) tissue forms a protective outer covering for the plants and it protects the internal parts of the plant. It aids in the protection against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion by parasitic fungi.
For this protective role to play the continuation of cells is necessary, hence it does not have intercellular space.
. Name and give the function of each cell of xylem:.
Answer: Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers.
Tracheids and vessels—Allows the transport of water and minerals.
Xylem parenchyma—Stores food and helps in the sideways conduction of water.
Xylem fibers—Are supportive in function.
What is the function and location of stratified squamous epithelium?
Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium is present in the skin. The layers of cells are arranged to prevent wear and tear.
Give the difference between ligament and tendon.
Answer:
Give the difference between striated muscles and unstriated muscles.
Answer:
State the difference between bone and blood.
Answer:
Name all different types of tissues present in animals.
Answer: There are four main types of tissues present in animals. ‘
(a) Epithelial tissue present on the outer and inner lining of the body.
(b) Muscular tissues are made up of muscles, which help in movement.
(c) Connective tissue connects the different organs in the body.
(d) Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells and are present in the nervous system.
Why is blood called connective tissue?
Answer: The blood is composed of cells and plasma. Plasma is a fluid and cells like red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are present in it. All these cells are connected due to plasma. It also transports food and water to different parts of the body and connects them.
Name three types of muscle tissues and give function of each.
Answer: Three types of muscle tissues are:
(a) Striated muscle (b) Smooth muscle (c) Cardiac muscle
(a) Striated muscle: These muscles show alternate light and dark bands or striations. They are involuntary and present in skeletal tissues,, and help in movement of body and bones.
(b) Smooth muscle: These are involuntary muscles, control the movement of food in the alimentary canal, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. Present in iris, uterus etc.
(c) Cardiac muscle: These muscles are present in the heart, helping in the rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.
Ques 1: Name the tissues responsible for the movement of the body.
Ans: Muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
Ques 2: What does a neuron look like?
Ans: A neuron is the unit cell of nervous tissue. It is a thread-like structure with a cell body and axon.
Ques 3: Name the types of simple tissues.
Ans: (a) Parenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Sclerenchyma
Ques 4: Name the types of complex tissues.
Ans: Xylem and phloem.
Ques 5: Where is apical meristem found?
Ans: It is present at the growing tips of stem and root, it increases the length of the stem and roots.
Ques 6: Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
Ans: Sclerenchyma.
Ques 7: What are the constituents of phloem?
Ans: Phloem constitutes the sieve tubes, companion cell, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers.
Ques 8: Define aerenchyma.
Ans: When the cells have air-filled large cavities of parenchyma, it is called aerenchyma. Aerenchyma helps aquatic plants in floating.
Ques 9: What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Ans: It helps in growth, organization of different organs and performing functions.
Ques 10: Name the two types of tissues.
Ans: Plant tissues and animal tissues.
Ques 11: Name the two types of plant tissue.
Ans: Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Ques 12: What is differentiation?
Ans: The process of taking up a permanent shape, size and function by cells is called differentiation.
Ques 13: Name the three types of meristematic tissues.
Ans: The three types are:
(a) Apical tissue—tips of root and shoot
(b) Lateral tissue—sides of stem
(c) Intercalary tissue—at nodes
Ques 14: Where is apical tissue found?
Ans: Present at the tips of roots and stems.
Ques 15: Tissues present at the lateral surface of the stem are called apical tissues. Put (T) if true and put (F) if false.
Rewrite the answer if (F).
Answer: (F). Tissues present at the lateral surface of the stem are called lateral tissue.
Ques 16: Which tissues are present at the nodes of the plants?
Ans: Intercalary tissue.
Ques 17: What are the various types of blood cells?
Ans: There are three types:
(a) RBC’s
(b) WBC’s and
(c) Platelets.
Ques 18: What are tracheids?
Ans: They are elongated cells with tapering ends.
Ques 19: What are guard cells?
Ans: Each stomata is bounded by a pair of specialized kidney-shaped epidermal cells called guard cells.
Ques 20: Epithelial tissue is the simplest tissue. Write (F) for false or (T) for true.
Ans: (T).
Ques 21: What are the functions of cuboidal epithelium?
Ans: It helps in absorption, excretion, secretion, it also provides mechanical support.
Short Answer Type Questions
Ques 1: Give four differences between bone and cartilage.
Ans:
Ques 2: Give the functions of bone.
Ans: The functions of bone are:
(i) It provides shape to the body.
(ii) It provides skeletal support to the body.
(iii) It anchors the muscles.
(iv) It protects vital body organs like the brain, lungs, etc.
Ques 3: Give the functions of cartilage.
Ans: (i) It provides support and flexibility to the body parts.
(ii) It smooths the surface at joints.
Ques 4: Fill in the blanks:
(i) Water and minerals are conducted by ………………….
(ii) In higher plants food is conducted by ……………………..
(iii) Blood is a ……………. tissue.
(iv) Bone consists of………….cells.
(v) Cartilage consists of………………..cells.
(vi) Fibers are absent in………….type of connective tissue.
Ans: (i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Connective
(iv) Osteocyte
(v) Chondrocyte
(vi) Blood
Ques 5: What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Ans: Functions are:
(i) It helps in the repair of tissues after an injury.
(ii) It also helps in combating foreign toxins.
(iii) It fixes skin to underlying muscles.
Ques 6: Give difference between xylem and phloem.
Ans:
Question 7: Quelles sont les fibres?
Ans: Fibers consist of very long, narrow and thick cells. Example, jute fiber.
Ques 8: Name the tissues for the following:
(a) Stores fat in the animal body.
(b) Divides and re-divides to grow in plants.
(c) Tissue that joins hone to hone.
(d) Covers the external surface of the animal body.
Ans: (a) Adipose tissue
(b) Meristematic tissue .
(c) Ligament
(d) Epithelial tissue.
Ques 9: What is stomata?
Ans: Stomata are small pores present on the surface of a leaf which helps in the exchange of gasses and in transpiration.
Ques 10: Why does epidermal tissue have no intercellular space?
Ans: The epidermal (layer) tissue forms a protective outer covering for the plants and it protects the internal parts of the plant. It aids in the protection against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion by parasitic fungi.
For this protective role to play the continuation of cells is necessary, hence it does not have intercellular space.
Ques 11: Name and give the function of each cell of xylem:.
Ans: Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers.
Tracheids and vessels—Allows the transport of water and minerals.
Xylem parenchyma—Stores food and helps in the sideways conduction of water.
Xylem fibers—Are supportive in function.
Ques 12: What is the function and location of stratified squamous epithelium?
Ans: Stratified squamous epithelium is present in the skin. The layers of cells are arranged to prevent wear and tear.
Ques 13: Give difference between ligament and tendon.
Ans:
Ques 14: Give the difference between striated muscles and unstriated muscles.
Ans:
Ques 15: State the difference between bone and blood.
Ans:
Ques 16: Name all different types of tissues present in animals.
Ans: There are four main types of tissues present in animals. ‘
(a) Epithelial tissue present on the outer and inner lining of the body.
(b) Muscular tissues are made up of muscles, which help in movement.
(c) Connective tissue connects the different organs in the body.
(d) Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells and are present in the nervous system.
Ques 17: Why is blood called connective tissue?
Ans: The blood is composed of cells and plasma. Plasma is a fluid and cells like red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are present in it. All these cells are connected due to plasma. It also transports food and water to different parts of the body and connects them.
Ques 18: Name three types of muscle tissues and give function of each.
Ans: Three types of muscle tissues are:
(a) Striated muscle (b) Smooth muscle (c) Cardiac muscle
(a) Striated muscle: These muscles show alternate light and dark bands or striations. They are involuntary and present in skeletal tissues, helping in movement of body and bones.
(b) Smooth muscle: These are involuntary muscles, control the movement of food in the alimentary canal, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. Present in iris, uterus etc.
(c) Cardiac muscle: These muscles are present in the heart, helping in the rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the life.
Ques 19: State the difference between simple tissues of plants.
Ans: The simple tissues of plants are:
(i) Parenchyma (v) Collenchyma (iii) Sclerenchyma
Ques
Ques 21: Name different types of meristematic tissue and draw diagrams to show their location.
Ans: The 3 different types of meristematic tissue are:
(a) Apical meristem—Function: growth in length.
(b) Lateral meristem—Function: growth in thickness.
(c) Intercalary meristem—Function: growth in internodes.
Ques 22: Explain the structure, function and location of nervous tissue.
Ans: Structure: Nervous tissue consists of cells called nerve cells joined end to end (neurons). A neuron (nerve cell) consists of a cell body with nucleus and cytoplasm. From these cell bodies a long thin hair-like part arises called an axon and many short branched parts called dendrites.
Location: Nervous tissue is present in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Function: Nervous tissue receives the stimuli and transmit the stimulus rapidly from one place to another within the body. The nerve impulse allows us to move our muscles and respond to any stimuli.
Ques 23: Give the flow chart of plant tissues.
Ans:
Tissues class 9 biology long question
Ques 1: Write a note on plant tissues.
Ans: Plant tissues consist of two main types of tissue.
Parenchyma: Present in soft parts of the plant.Collenchyma: Provides mechanical support to plants present in stalks. Sclerenchyma: They provide strength and flexibility to the plants.
Xylem: Conduct water in plants from root to shoot. Consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers.
Phloem: Conduct food to all parts of the plant. Consist of sieve tubes, companion cell, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers.
Ques 2: Show the types of animal tissues using flow charts.
Ans:
Ques 3: What is connective tissue? Explain its types.
Ans: The connective tissue consists of different types of cells, all of them perform the same function.
Areolar connective tissue: It is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow.Areolar tissue fills the space inside the organs. It supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues.
Adipose tissue: Adipose tissue stores fat, found below the skin and between internal organs. The cells of this tissue are filled with fat globules. It acts as an insulator due to fat storage.
Blood: It has a fluid called plasma, in plasma are present red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Blood flows all over the body and helps in the transport of gasses, digested food, hormones and waste material to different parts of the body.
Lymph: Lymph carries digested fat and a lot of white blood cells in the plasma. Bone: It forms the framework that supports the body. It supports the different parts of our body. It is a strong and non-flexible tissue.
Cartilage: It is present in the nose, ear, trachea and larynx. It smoothes bone surfaces at joints.
Tendon: It connects bone and muscles. These tissues are fibrous, flexible and with a lot of strength.
Ligament: It connects bone to bone. It is elastic and has a lot of strength.
Ques 4: Describe ‘epidermis’ in plants.
Ans: Epidermis forms the entire outermost layer of the plant. It is made up of a single cell layer. It protects all the internal parts of the plant.
On aerial parts, epidermis secretes waxy, water-resistant layers on their outer surface. This helps in protection against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion of parasitic fungi.
In leaves, epidermis consists of small pores called stomata. These pores help in the transpiration and exchange of gasses, like oxygen and carbon dioxide for plants.
In roots, epidermis have long hair-like parts that provide greater surface for water absorption.
In desert plants, epidermis has a thick waxy coating of cutting which acts as a waterproofing agent.
Ques 5: Explain the “complex tissue” of plants.
Ans: Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform common functions. These are—xylem and phloem. Both are conducting tissues and form a vascular bundle.
Xylem consists of—tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers. Most of these cells are dead. Tracheids and vessels help in water transportation, parenchyma stores food and helps in the sideways conduction of water and fibers are mainly supportive in function.
Phloem is made up of four types of elements—sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers and phloem parenchyma. It helps in the transportation of food in both the directions, i.e. from leaves to roots and to other parts of the plant.
A group of students completed the project of finding the botanical names of all the trees present in the school campus. They prepared metal plates with names carved on it, to fix it on the plant trunks. Shreya was concerned that if the metal plate is fixed into the tree many cells of the tree may get damaged. But the group members explained to her that the outer layer of the trunk does not have living cells and there won’t be any damage to the tree.
(a) What type of cells are present on the outer layer of the bark/tree trunk?
(b) How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
(c) What value of the group is seen in the above cast?
Answer: (a) On the outer layer of the tree trunk/bark all thick layers of dead cells are present which acts as protective tissue.
(b) In cork, all cells are dead without intercellular spaces, the walls of the cells have deposition of suberin.
(c) The students in a group show team effort, peer learning and cooperation.
The paralytic patient was unable to walk. ‘The family member of the patient took the utmost care of the patient.
(a) Name two tissues responsible for the movement of a body.
(b) Name the tissues present in the brain and spine.
(c) What value of the family members is seen in the above case?
Answer: (a) The two tissues responsible for movement of the body are muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
(b) The tissues present in the brain and spine are nervous tissues.
(c) The family members showed the value of being caring, responsible, dutiful and kind.
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